Hyphenation ofтрансцендентального

Linguistic Analysis of "трансцендентального" (transcendental'nogo)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "трансцендентального" is a masculine genitive singular adjective derived from "трансцендентальный" (transcendental'nyj). It's a complex word with a significant number of consonants, posing challenges for syllabification. The pronunciation involves a series of consonant clusters and vowel reductions typical of Russian.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows: тран-сцен-ден-таль-но-го.

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: транс- (trans-) - Latin origin, meaning "across," "beyond."
• Root: -цен- (cen-) - Latin origin, from cens, related to assessment, origin, or value.
• Suffix: -дентальный (-dental'nyj) - Latin origin, forming an adjective meaning "relating to teeth" but in this context, part of the larger root relating to perception and thought.
• Suffix: -ного (-nogo) - Slavic origin, genitive singular masculine ending for adjectives.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the syllable "таль" (tal').

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/trɐnˈst͡sʲendʲɪnˈtalʲnəɡə/

6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:

Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:

• тран- /trɐn/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. Consonant clusters are broken before the first vowel. Exception: Initial consonant clusters are generally kept together unless they are particularly difficult to pronounce.
• сцен- /st͡sʲen/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant clusters are broken before the first vowel. The 'с' and 'ц' form a single affricate sound.
• ден- /dʲɪn/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. Palatalization of 'д' due to the following 'е'.
• таль- /talʲ/ - Closed syllable, stressed. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. Stress influences vowel quality (vowel reduction is less pronounced in stressed syllables).
• но- /nə/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. Vowel reduction occurs in unstressed syllables (о becomes a schwa /ə/).
• го /ɡə/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. Vowel reduction occurs in unstressed syllables (о becomes a schwa /ə/).

7. Edge Case Review:

The consonant cluster "стс" is a relatively uncommon but permissible cluster in Russian, particularly in loanwords. The syllabification respects this cluster. The vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a key feature of Russian phonology and affects the pronunciation of "о" and "а".

8. Grammatical Role:

The word is an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of whether the word is in its nominative singular form ("трансцендентальный") or its genitive singular form ("трансцендентального").

9. Definition & Semantics:

• Definition: Relating to or characteristic of a reality beyond human experience or understanding; surpassing the limits of ordinary perception.
• Translation: Transcendental
• Grammatical Category: Adjective
• Synonyms: мистический (mystical), потусторонний (otherworldly)
• Antonyms: материальный (material), земной (earthly)
• Examples:
  • "Трансцендентальное переживание" - "A transcendental experience."
  • "Трансцендентальная философия" - "Transcendental philosophy."

10. Alternative Pronunciations & Regional Variations:

While the standard pronunciation is as given above, some regional variations might exhibit slight differences in vowel reduction or palatalization. However, these variations generally do not affect the core syllabification.

11. Phonological Comparison:

• интеллектуального (intellektual'nogo) - /ɪntʲɪlʲɪkˈtualʲnəɡə/ - Syllables: ин-тел-лек-ту-аль-но-го. Similar structure with consonant clusters and vowel reduction.
• феноменального (fenomenal'nogo) - /fʲɪnɐˈmʲenəlʲnəɡə/ - Syllables: фе-но-ме-наль-но-го. Similar structure with consonant clusters and vowel reduction.
• экспериментального (eksperimental'nogo) - /ɪksˌpʲerɪmʲɪnˈtalʲnəɡə/ - Syllables: эк-с-пе-ри-мен-таль-но-го. Similar structure with consonant clusters and vowel reduction.

The syllable division in all these words follows the same principles: vowel nuclei, consonant cluster breaking, and vowel reduction in unstressed syllables. The complexity of the consonant clusters and the presence of palatalization are consistent across these examples.