Hyphenation ofтрансцендентальному

Linguistic Analysis of "трансцендентальному" (transcendental'nomu)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "трансцендентальному" is a masculine singular dative/locative adjective meaning "to the transcendental" or "in the transcendental." It's a complex word built upon a Latin root and heavily inflected, typical of Russian. Pronunciation involves a mix of consonant clusters and vowel reduction in unstressed syllables.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: транс- (trans-) - Latin origin, meaning "across," "beyond."
• Root: -цендент- (-cedent-) - Latin origin, from ascendere meaning "to climb," "to rise."
• Suffix: -альный (-al'nyj) - A suffix forming adjectives, derived from French and Latin.
• Suffix: -ому (-omu) - Dative/Locative case ending for masculine singular adjectives.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the fourth syllable: тран-сцен-де́н-та-ль-но-му.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/trɐnˈst͡sʲendʲɪnˈtalʲnəmu/

6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:

Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:

• тран (tran): /trɐn/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. No exceptions.
• сцен (st͡sʲen): /st͡sʲen/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant clusters are generally broken before a vowel. Exception: The 'ст' cluster is common and remains intact.
• ден (dʲen): /dʲen/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant-vowel structure. No exceptions.
• та (ta): /ˈta/ - Open, stressed syllable. Rule: Stress influences vowel quality. No exceptions.
• ль (lʲ): /lʲ/ - Syllabic consonant. Rule: 'ль' can function as a syllable nucleus, especially after a consonant. Exception: This is a somewhat marginal syllable, often considered part of the preceding syllable in rapid speech.
• но (nɔ): /nɔ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel nucleus. No exceptions.
• му (mu): /ˈmu/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant-vowel structure. No exceptions.

7. Edge Case Review:

The 'ль' syllable is a potential edge case. While it can function as a syllable on its own, it's often integrated into the preceding syllable, especially in faster speech. However, for a detailed linguistic analysis, treating it as a separate syllable is more accurate.

8. Grammatical Role:

The syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of whether the word is used as an adjective modifying a noun.

9. Definition & Semantics:

• Word: трансцендентальному (transcendental'nomu)
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Definitions:
  • "Relating to or exceeding the limits of ordinary experience."
  • "Beyond or above the range of normal or merely physical human experience."
• Translation: "to the transcendental," "in the transcendental"
• Synonyms: возвышенному (vozvyshennomu - elevated), сверхъестественному (sverkh'yestestvennomu - supernatural)
• Antonyms: материальному (material'nomu - material), земному (zemnomu - earthly)
• Examples:
  • "Он стремился к трансцендентальному опыту." (On stroilsya k transcendentel'nomu opytu.) - "He strived for a transcendental experience."
  • "Трансцендентальному миру нет места в науке." (Transcendentel'nomu miru net mesta v nauke.) - "There is no place for the transcendental world in science."

10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables can vary slightly depending on the speaker and region. The /o/ in "но" might be reduced to a weaker schwa-like sound /ə/. However, the syllable division remains the same.

11. Phonological Comparison:

• интеллектуальному (intellektual'nomu): ин-тел-лек-ту-а́ль-но-му. Similar syllable structure with consonant clusters and vowel reduction.
• экспериментальному (eksperimental'nomu): эк-с-пе-ри-мен-та́ль-но-му. Similar prefix structure and inflectional endings.
• феноменальному (fenomenal'nomu): фе-но-ме-на́ль-но-му. Similar vowel reduction patterns and inflectional endings.

The differences in syllable division arise from the specific consonant clusters and vowel sequences within each word, but the underlying principles of Russian syllabification remain consistent.