Hyphenation ofфотолитографическому

Linguistic Analysis of "фотолитографическому" (Russian)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "фотолитографическому" is a complex adjective meaning "photolithographic" (dative singular, masculine/neuter). It's a relatively long word with a mix of native Slavic and Greek/Latin-derived elements. Pronunciation involves careful attention to vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, a common feature of Russian.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• фото- (foto-): Prefix, from Greek φῶς (phos) meaning "light".
• лито- (lito-): Root, from Greek λίθος (lithos) meaning "stone".
• графическ- (grafichesk-): Root, from Greek γραφή (graphē) meaning "writing, drawing".
• -ому (-omu): Dative singular ending for masculine/neuter adjectives.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: фо-то-ли-то-гра-фи-че-ско-му.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/fɐˈtɔlʲɪtəɡrɐˈfʲit͡ɕeskəmʊ/

6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:

Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:

• фо (fo): /fɐ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. No exceptions.
• то (to): /tɔ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. No exceptions.
• ли (li): /lʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. Palatalization of /l/ due to following /i/.
• то (to): /tə/ - Open syllable. Vowel reduction (o -> ə) in an unstressed position. Rule: Unstressed 'o' is reduced to 'ə' (schwa).
• гра (gra): /ɡrɐ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. No exceptions.
• фи (fi): /fʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. Palatalization of /f/ due to following /i/.
• че (che): /t͡ɕe/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. Softening of /t/ to /t͡ɕ/ before /e/.
• ско (sko): /skɔ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. No exceptions.
• му (mu): /mʊ/ - Open syllable. Vowel reduction (o -> u) in an unstressed position. Rule: Unstressed 'o' is reduced to 'u' in certain positions.

7. Edge Case Review:

Russian syllabification generally avoids breaking consonant clusters. This word doesn't present significant edge cases in that regard. Vowel reduction is the primary consideration.

8. Grammatical Role:

The syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of whether the word is used as an adjective in different grammatical cases. However, the ending changes, affecting the final syllable.

9. Definition & Semantics:

• фотолитографическому (fotolitograficheskomu)
  • Part of Speech: Adjective
  • Definitions:
    • Translation: Photolithographic (dative singular, masculine/neuter)
    • Synonyms: (None readily available, as it's a technical term)
    • Antonyms: (None readily available, as it's a technical term)
  • Examples:
    • "Фотолитографическому процессу требовалось особое оборудование." ("The photolithographic process required special equipment.")

10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

Regional variations in vowel reduction are possible, but the core syllabification remains consistent. Some speakers might pronounce unstressed 'o' as a slightly more open vowel than 'ə'.

11. Phonological Comparison:

• автомобильному (avtomobil'nomu): av-to-mo-bi-l' - no-mu. Similar syllable structure, vowel reduction applies.
• электротехническому (elektrotekhnicheskomu): e-lek-tro-tekh-ni-che-sko-mu. Similar length and complexity, vowel reduction applies.
• геофизическому (geofizicheskomu): ge-o-fi-zi-che-sko-mu. Similar structure, vowel reduction applies.

The key difference lies in the specific vowel reduction patterns based on syllable position and surrounding sounds. The rules governing vowel reduction are consistent across these words.