Hyphenation ofэкспериментально-исследовательский
Syllable Division:
эк-спе-ри-мен-таль-но-ис-сле-до-ва-тель-ский
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/ɛkspʲɪrʲɪmʲɪnˈtalʲnə ɪsːlʲɪˈdɔvətʲɪlʲskʲɪj/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
001000100010
Primary stress falls on the third syllable of the second component (ис-сле-до́-ва-тель-ский).
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, onset consonant cluster.
Closed syllable, onset consonant cluster, palatalized vowel.
Closed syllable, onset liquid consonant, palatalized vowel.
Closed syllable, onset nasal consonant, palatalized vowel.
Closed syllable, onset alveolar stop, palatalized vowel.
Open syllable, reduced vowel.
Open syllable, onset consonant.
Closed syllable, onset consonant cluster, palatalized vowel.
Open syllable, onset consonant.
Open syllable, reduced vowel.
Closed syllable, onset alveolar stop, palatalized vowel.
Closed syllable, onset consonant cluster.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: экспериментально-
Derived from 'эксперимент' (experiment), Latin origin, adjectival/adverbial function.
Root: исследователь
From 'исследовать' (to investigate), root denoting research.
Suffix: -ский
Relative adjective suffix, indicating 'relating to'.
Relating to both experimental and research methods; combining practical experimentation with systematic investigation.
Translation: Experimental-research, experimental-investigative
Examples:
"экспериментально-исследовательский проект"
"экспериментально-исследовательский метод"
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar syllable structure with consonant clusters and vowel reduction.
Compound structure with hyphenation, similar morphemic components.
Exhibits vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, similar stress pattern.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Sonority Hierarchy
Syllables are formed to maximize sonority, avoiding stranded consonants.
Consonant Clusters
Permissible consonant clusters are maintained within syllables.
Vowel Reduction
Unstressed vowels are reduced in pronunciation.
Palatalization
Consonants are palatalized before high front vowels.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Hyphenated structure doesn't create new syllables.
Vowel reduction varies slightly depending on dialect.
Stress placement is crucial for meaning.
Summary:
The word 'экспериментально-исследовательский' is a complex adjective formed by compounding two adjectival stems. Syllabification follows Russian rules prioritizing sonority and avoiding stranded consonants. Stress falls on the third syllable of the second component. The word exhibits vowel reduction and palatalization, common features of Russian phonology.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "экспериментально-исследовательский" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "экспериментально-исследовательский" is a complex adjective meaning "experimental-research" or "experimental-investigative." It's formed by compounding two adjectival stems. Pronunciation involves careful attention to consonant clusters and vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, typical of Russian.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize the sonority hierarchy and avoid stranded consonants, the division is as follows (using only original letters):
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- экспериментально- (eksperimental'no-) - Prefix/Adjectival Stem: Derived from "эксперимент" (eksperiment - experiment), ultimately from Latin experimentum. Functions as an adjectival component indicating "experimental." The "-льно" suffix transforms the noun into an adverbial/adjectival form.
- исследовательский (issledovatel'skiy) - Adjectival Stem: Derived from "исследователь" (issledovatel' - researcher, investigator), from "исследовать" (issledovat' - to investigate). The "-ский" suffix forms a relative adjective, meaning "relating to research" or "investigative."
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the third syllable of the second component: ис-сле-до́-ва-тель-ский.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/ɛkspʲɪrʲɪmʲɪnˈtalʲnə ɪsːlʲɪˈdɔvətʲɪlʲskʲɪj/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:
| Syllable | IPA Transcription | Rule(s) Applied | Exceptions/Special Cases |
|---|---|---|---|
| эк | /ɛk/ | Onset-Rime: Consonant cluster 'эк' is permissible as an onset. | None |
| спе | /spʲe/ | Onset-Rime: 'сп' is a permissible consonant cluster. Vowel 'е' is palatalized due to the following 'и'. | Palatalization of 'е' |
| ри | /rʲi/ | Onset-Rime: 'р' is a liquid consonant, forming an onset. 'и' is a high vowel. | None |
| мен | /mʲɪn/ | Onset-Rime: 'м' is a nasal consonant. 'и' is a high vowel. Palatalization of 'м' due to the following 'е'. | Palatalization of 'м' |
| таль | /talʲ/ | Onset-Rime: 'т' is an alveolar stop. 'аль' is a complex rime. Palatalization of 'т' due to the following 'а'. | Palatalization of 'т' |
| но | /nə/ | Onset-Rime: 'н' is a nasal consonant. 'о' is a mid vowel, reduced in unstressed position. | Vowel reduction |
| ис | /ɪs/ | Onset-Rime: 'и' is a high vowel, 'с' is a fricative. | None |
| сле | /slʲe/ | Onset-Rime: 'сл' is a permissible consonant cluster. 'е' is palatalized due to the following 'о'. | Palatalization of 'е' |
| до | /dɔ/ | Onset-Rime: 'д' is an alveolar stop. 'о' is a mid vowel. | None |
| ва | /vɐ/ | Onset-Rime: 'в' is a labiodental fricative. 'а' is a low vowel, reduced in unstressed position. | Vowel reduction |
| тель | /tʲelʲ/ | Onset-Rime: 'т' is an alveolar stop, palatalized. 'ель' is a complex rime. | Palatalization of 'т' |
| ский | /skʲɪj/ | Onset-Rime: 'ск' is a permissible consonant cluster. 'ий' is a complex rime. | None |
7. Exceptions & Special Cases (Word-Level):
The hyphenated structure introduces a slight complexity. While each component follows standard syllabification, the connection via the hyphen doesn't create a new syllable. The stress falls within the second component, as if it were a single word.
8. Grammatical Role & Syllabification Shifts:
The word is primarily an adjective. While it could theoretically be used as part of a compound noun, the syllabification would remain largely unchanged. Stress might shift slightly in very rare cases of emphatic usage.
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: экспериментально-исследовательский
- Part of Speech: Adjective
- Definitions:
- Definition: Relating to both experimental and research methods; combining practical experimentation with systematic investigation.
- Translation: Experimental-research, experimental-investigative
- Synonyms: опытно-исследовательский (opytno-issledovatel'skiy - practical-research), экспериментальный (eksperimental'nyy - experimental), исследовательский (issledovatel'skiy - research)
- Antonyms: теоретический (teoreticheskiy - theoretical), практический (prakticheskiy - practical) (depending on context)
- Examples: "экспериментально-исследовательский проект" (eksperimental'no-issledovatel'skiy proyekt - experimental research project); "экспериментально-исследовательский метод" (eksperimental'no-issledovatel'skiy metod - experimental research method).
10. Alternative Pronunciations & Regional Variations:
Minor variations in vowel reduction might occur depending on the speaker's dialect. However, the core syllabification remains consistent.
11. Phonological Comparison:
- университетский (universitetskiy - university): Syllables: у-ни-ве-ри-те́т-ский. Similar structure with consonant clusters and vowel reduction. Stress falls on the penultimate syllable.
- научно-исследовательский (nauchno-issledovatel'skiy - scientific-research): Syllables: на-у́ч-но-ис-сле-до-ва́-тель-ский. Similar compound structure with hyphenation. Stress pattern is more complex.
- литературный (literaturnyy - literary): Syllables: ли-те-ра-ту́р-ный. Less complex consonant clusters, but still exhibits vowel reduction in unstressed syllables. Stress falls on the penultimate syllable.
These comparisons demonstrate the consistent application of Russian syllabification rules, even with varying degrees of complexity in consonant clusters and compound structures.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.