Hyphenation ofэлектрокардиографический
Syllable Division:
элек-тро-кар-ди-о-гра-фи-че-ски́й
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/ɪlʲɪktrɐkardʲɪjəˈgrafʲɪt͡ɕɪskʲɪj/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
000000001
Primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable ('гра́').
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, no stress.
Open syllable, no stress.
Open syllable, no stress.
Open syllable, no stress.
Open syllable, unstressed, vowel reduction.
Open syllable, no stress.
Open syllable, no stress.
Open syllable, no stress.
Closed syllable, primary stress.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: элек-
From Greek 'elektron' via 'электричество' (electricity). Denotes relating to electricity.
Root: кардио-
From Greek 'kardia' (heart). Relates to the heart.
Suffix: -граф-ическ-ий
Combination of Greek '-grapho' (to write, record), adjectival suffix '-ichesk-' and adjectival ending '-iy'.
Relating to electrocardiography; pertaining to the recording of the electrical activity of the heart.
Translation: Electrocardiographic
Examples:
"электрокардиографический анализ"
"электрокардиографический аппарат"
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar syllable structure with consonant clusters and vowel reduction.
Similar syllable structure with consonant clusters and stress pattern.
Similar syllable structure with consonant clusters and stress pattern.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Open Syllable Principle
Russian syllabification favors open syllables (ending in vowels). Syllables are formed around vowels.
Consonant Cluster Handling
Consonant clusters are generally split around vowels, creating multiple syllables.
Vowel Reduction
Unstressed vowels are reduced to schwa /ə/ or other reduced forms.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Vowel reduction is a consistent feature of Russian pronunciation and affects syllable structure.
Consonant clusters are common and do not pose significant challenges to syllabification.
Summary:
The word 'электрокардиографический' is divided into nine syllables based on the open syllable principle and handling of consonant clusters. The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable. The word is a complex adjective derived from Greek and Latin roots, relating to the recording of the heart's electrical activity.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "электрокардиографический" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "электрокардиографический" (elektrokardiograficheskiy) is a complex adjective meaning "electrocardiographic." It's a highly technical term, and its pronunciation follows standard Russian phonological rules, with vowel reduction in unstressed syllables being a key feature.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize the open syllable principle (preferring syllables ending in vowels), and considering consonant clusters, the division is as follows (using only original letters):
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: элек- (elek-) - From "электричество" (elektrichestvo - electricity), ultimately from Greek "elektron" (amber). Function: Denotes relating to electricity.
- Root: кардио- (kardio-) - From Greek "kardia" (heart). Function: Relates to the heart.
- Suffixes: -граф- (-graf-) - From Greek "grapho" (to write, record). Function: Indicates a recording instrument. -ическ- (-ichesk-) - A common adjectival suffix in Russian, often indicating belonging to or relating to. Function: Forms an adjective. -ий (-iy) - Adjectival ending. Function: Grammatical marker.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: элек-тро-кар-дио-гра́-фи-че-ски́й.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/ɪlʲɪktrɐkardʲɪjəˈgrafʲɪt͡ɕɪskʲɪj/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:
- элек- /ɪlʲɪk/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel followed by a consonant cluster (lʲɪk). No exceptions.
- тро- /trɐ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Consonant cluster (tr) followed by a vowel. No exceptions.
- кар- /kardʲ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Consonant followed by a vowel. No exceptions.
- ди- /dʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Consonant followed by a vowel. No exceptions.
- о- /ə/ - Open syllable. Rule: Single vowel. Vowel reduction applies here.
- гра- /graf/ - Open syllable. Rule: Consonant cluster (gr) followed by a vowel. No exceptions.
- фи- /fʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Consonant followed by a vowel. No exceptions.
- че- /t͡ɕɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Consonant followed by a vowel. No exceptions.
- ски́й /skʲɪj/ - Closed syllable, stressed. Rule: Consonant cluster (skʲ) followed by a vowel. Stress influences vowel quality.
7. Edge Case Review:
The consonant clusters (tr, gr, sk) are common in Russian and don't present significant syllabification challenges. Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a key feature and is consistently applied.
8. Grammatical Role:
The word is primarily an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of grammatical function (e.g., modifying a noun).
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: электрокардиографический (elektrokardiograficheskiy)
- Translation: Electrocardiographic
- Part of Speech: Adjective
- Synonyms: (related to ECG) - кардиографический (kardiograficheskiy)
- Antonyms: (none directly applicable)
- Examples: "электрокардиографический анализ" (elektrokardiograficheskiy analiz - electrocardiographic analysis), "электрокардиографический аппарат" (elektrokardiograficheskiy apparat - electrocardiographic apparatus).
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, slight variations in vowel quality might occur depending on regional accents. However, these variations do not significantly alter the syllable division.
11. Phonological Comparison:
- телевидение (televideniye - television): те-ле-ви-де́-ни-е. Similar syllable structure with consonant clusters.
- фотография (fotografiya - photography): фо-то-гра́-фи-я. Similar syllable structure with consonant clusters and stress on the penultimate syllable.
- география (geografiya - geography): ге-о-гра́-фи-я. Similar syllable structure with consonant clusters and stress on the penultimate syllable.
The consistency in syllable division across these words demonstrates the application of the open syllable principle and the handling of consonant clusters in Russian phonology.
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