Hyphenation ofэлектрокардиографическому

Linguistic Analysis of "электрокардиографическому" (Russian)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "электрокардиографическому" is a highly complex, derived adjective in Russian. It refers to something relating to electrocardiography. Its pronunciation involves a series of consonant clusters and vowel reductions typical of the language.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):

э-лек-тро-кар-ди-о-гра-фи-че-ско-му

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: элек-тро- (from Greek "elektron" - amber, referring to electricity) - denotes the use of electrical means.
• Root: кардио- (from Greek "kardia" - heart) - relates to the heart.
• Suffixes: -граф- (from Greek "grapho" - to write, record) - indicates recording. -ическ- (a suffix forming adjectives) - denotes belonging to or relating to. -ому (dative singular masculine/neuter ending) - indicates grammatical case and gender.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the syllable "-фи-" (гра-фи-).

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/ɪlʲɪktrakardʲɪjəgrafʲɪˈt͡ɕeskəmu/

6. Syllable List with IPA and Rule Explanations:

• э /ɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Initial vowel always forms a syllable.
• лек /lʲɛk/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant cluster "лк" allows syllable division after the vowel.
• тро /tro/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel followed by consonant.
• кар /kar/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant cluster "кр" allows syllable division after the vowel.
• ди /dʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel preceded by a palatalized consonant.
• о /ɔ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Single vowel forms a syllable.
• гра /ɡrɐ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel preceded by consonant.
• фи /fʲɪ/ - Closed syllable, stressed. Rule: Vowel followed by consonant, stress placement.
• че /t͡ɕe/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel preceded by a soft consonant.
• ско /skə/ - Open syllable. Rule: Consonant cluster "ск" allows syllable division after the vowel.
• му /mu/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Vowel followed by consonant.

7. Syllable Division Rules Applied:

• Sonority Sequencing Principle: Syllables are formed around a sonority peak (vowel).
• Consonant Cluster Resolution: Russian allows certain consonant clusters within a syllable, but often divides them around vowels.
• Initial Vowel Rule: A vowel at the beginning of a word always starts a syllable.
• Palatalization Influence: Palatalized consonants often influence syllable boundaries.

8. Exceptions & Special Cases:

• The word's length and complex morphology make it an edge case.
• Vowel reduction (akan'ye/okan'ye) affects the pronunciation of unstressed vowels, but doesn't change the syllabification based on orthography.

9. Grammatical Role & Syllabification Shifts:

The word is primarily an adjective. While it doesn't drastically change syllabification in other grammatical forms, the ending will change, affecting the final syllable. For example, the nominative singular masculine form "электрокардиографический" would have the syllable division: э-лек-тро-кар-ди-о-гра-фи-че-ски-й.

10. Definition & Semantics:

• Word: электрокардиографическому
• Translation: to/for electrocardiographic (dative singular masculine/neuter)
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Definitions: Relating to or pertaining to electrocardiography.
• Synonyms: (None readily available as a direct synonym, but related terms exist)
• Antonyms: (None directly applicable)
• Examples: "Электрокардиографическому исследованию была уделена особая важность." (Special importance was given to the electrocardiographic examination.)

11. Phonological Comparison:

• автомобильному (avtomobil'nomu): a-вто-мо-би-ль-но-му. Similar syllable structure with consonant clusters.
• фотографическому (fotograficheskomu): фо-то-гра-фи-че-ско-му. Similar suffixation and syllable division patterns.
• телевизионному (televizionnomu): те-ле-ви-зи-он-но-му. Similar length and complex morphology, with consonant clusters.

The differences in syllable division arise from the specific consonant clusters present in each word and the application of the sonority sequencing principle.

12. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, some regional variations in vowel reduction might occur, but these don't affect the core syllabification.

13. Short Analysis:

The word "электрокардиографическому" is a complex Russian adjective derived from Greek and Latin roots. It is syllabified into 11 syllables based on vowel-consonant boundaries and the sonority sequencing principle, with stress on the "-фи-" syllable. Its morphemic structure reveals its origin and grammatical function.