Hyphenation ofelectric-lighted

1. IPA Transcription: /ɪˈlɛktrɪkˈlaɪtɪd/

2. Morphemic Breakdown:

• Prefix: e- (from Latin ex- meaning "out of, from") - functions to create a compound word.
• Root: lectric (shortened form of "electric," ultimately from Greek ēlektron meaning "amber," the source of the word for electricity) - denotes the source of power.
• Suffix: -lighted (composed of -light from Old English lēoht meaning "light" and -ed a past tense/participle marker of Germanic origin) - indicates the state of being illuminated.

3. Stressed Syllables: Primary stress falls on the second syllable of "electric" and the second syllable of "lighted".

4. Syllables List with IPA and Rule Explanations:

• e-lec-tric:
  • e /i/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables typically end in a vowel sound.
  • lec /lɛk/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant clusters are generally maintained within a syllable unless they violate sonority sequencing principles.
  • tric /trɪk/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant clusters are generally maintained within a syllable unless they violate sonority sequencing principles.
• light-ed:
  • light /laɪt/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Vowel followed by consonant(s) forms a closed syllable.
  • ed /ɪd/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Suffixes are generally separated into their own syllables, especially when they create a distinct vowel sound.

5. Syllable Division Rule Explanations:

• Vowel-Consonant-Consonant (VCC): When a syllable contains a vowel followed by two consonants, the syllable break usually occurs between the first and second consonant.
• Open Syllable: A syllable that ends in a vowel sound.
• Closed Syllable: A syllable that ends in a consonant sound.
• Suffix Separation: Suffixes are often treated as separate syllables, particularly those that have a distinct vowel sound.

6. Exceptions/Special Cases per Syllable:

• The shortening of "electric" to "lectric" is a common colloquial pronunciation, influencing the syllable division.
• The -ed suffix can sometimes be pronounced /t/ or /d/ depending on the preceding sound, which could affect the perceived syllable boundary, but the /ɪd/ pronunciation is common and maintains a distinct syllable.

7. Exceptions/Special Cases for the Word as a Whole:

• The compound nature of the word (electric + lighted) requires careful consideration of morphemic boundaries when determining syllable division.
• The reduced vowel in the first syllable ("e" as /i/) is a common feature of English pronunciation.

8. Syllable Division and Parts of Speech:

The word "electric-lighted" primarily functions as an adjective. As an adjective, the stress pattern and syllable division remain consistent. If used as a verb (though rare), the stress might shift slightly, but the syllable division would likely remain the same.

9. Definition & Semantics:

• Definition: Illuminated by electricity; supplied with or using electric light.
• Grammatical Category: Adjective
• Synonyms: illuminated, lit, electrically lit
• Antonyms: dark, unlit, unilluminated
• Examples: "The electric-lighted sign attracted customers." "The electric-lighted stadium was packed with fans."

10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

Some regional variations might pronounce the first syllable as /ɛ/ instead of /i/, which wouldn't significantly alter the syllable division. The pronunciation of the -ed suffix can also vary (/ɪd/, /t/, or /d/).

11. Phonological Comparison:

• automatic: a-u-to-mat-ic - Similar syllable structure with alternating vowel-consonant patterns.
• fantastic: fan-tas-tic - Similar closed syllable structure.
• magnetic: mag-net-ic - Similar closed syllable structure and suffix.

The differences lie in the specific consonant clusters and vowel sounds, but the underlying principles of syllable division (vowel as syllable nucleus, consonant clusters maintained unless violating sonority) remain consistent. The presence of the -ed suffix in "electric-lighted" is a key difference, leading to a distinct syllable.