Hyphenation ofelectric-powered

1. IPA Transcription: /ɪˈlɛktrɪk ˈpaʊərd/

2. Morphemic Breakdown:

• Prefix: electric- (from Greek elektron meaning "amber," referring to its early association with static electricity). Morphological function: Adjective-forming.
• Root: power- (from Old French pooir meaning "to be able"). Morphological function: Verb/Noun root denoting capacity or ability.
• Suffix: -ed (Old English -ed). Morphological function: Past participle, indicating a state resulting from an action.

3. Stressed Syllables: The primary stress falls on the first syllable of "electric" and the first syllable of "powered".

4. Syllables List with IPA and Rule Explanations:

• el-ec-tric:
  • /ɛl/ - Open syllable, vowel followed by /l/. Rule: Vowel + Liquid.
  • /ɛk/ - Closed syllable, vowel followed by a consonant /k/. Rule: Vowel + Consonant.
  • /trɪk/ - Closed syllable, consonant cluster /tr/ followed by vowel /ɪ/ and consonant /k/. Rule: Consonant Cluster + Vowel + Consonant.
• pow-ered:
  • /paʊ/ - Open syllable, diphthong /aʊ/. Rule: Diphthong.
  • /ərd/ - Closed syllable, vowel /ə/ followed by consonant cluster /rd/. Rule: Vowel + Consonant Cluster.

5. Syllable Division Rule Explanations:

• Vowel + Consonant: Syllables are typically divided after a vowel followed by a consonant (e.g., el-ec).
• Vowel + Liquid: Syllables are divided before a liquid consonant (/l/, /r/) following a vowel (e.g., el).
• Consonant Cluster + Vowel + Consonant: Syllables are divided around consonant clusters when they occur between vowels (e.g., trɪk).
• Diphthong: Diphthongs generally form a single syllable (e.g., paʊ).

6. Potential Exceptions/Special Cases (per syllable):

• "electric": The "ec" syllable could potentially be considered a weak syllable, but the pronunciation clearly separates it.
• "powered": The "ered" ending is a common past participle suffix, and the division at "er" is standard.

7. Exceptions/Special Cases (word as a whole):

The compound nature of the word (adjective + past participle) doesn't introduce any unusual syllabification challenges. The stress pattern is typical for compound adjectives.

8. Grammatical Role & Syllabification Shifts:

"Electric-powered" functions as a compound adjective. The syllabification remains consistent regardless of its grammatical role. If "powered" were used as a verb (e.g., "to power"), the stress would shift to the single syllable: /ˈpaʊər/.

9. Definition & Semantics:

• Definition: Functioning or operated by electricity.
• Grammatical Category: Compound Adjective
• Synonyms: electrically operated, electricity-driven
• Antonyms: manually powered, mechanically powered
• Examples: "The electric-powered car is environmentally friendly." "We purchased an electric-powered toothbrush."

10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

Some speakers might slightly reduce the vowel in the second syllable of "electric" (/ɛlɛktrɪk/), but this doesn't significantly alter the syllabification. Regional accents might affect the pronunciation of the /r/ in "powered" (rhotic vs. non-rhotic accents), but the syllable division remains the same.

11. Phonological Comparison:

• water-powered: wa-ter-pow-ered. Similar structure, same rules apply.
• gas-powered: gas-pow-ered. Similar structure, same rules apply.
• solar-powered: so-lar-pow-ered. Similar structure, same rules apply.

The consistency in syllabification across these similar words demonstrates the reliability of the applied rules. The "powered" portion consistently divides as "pow-ered" due to the diphthong and consonant cluster. The initial adjective portion follows the same vowel-consonant/vowel-liquid patterns.