Hyphenation ofnon-co-operation
Syllable Division:
non-co-op-er-a-tion
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/ˌnɑn koʊˌɑpəˈreɪʃən/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
0-0-1-0-0-0
Primary stress falls on the third syllable ('-op-'). The stress pattern is 0 (unstressed) - 0 (unstressed) - 1 (primary stress) - 0 (unstressed) - 0 (unstressed) - 0 (unstressed).
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, unstressed.
Open syllable, unstressed.
Closed syllable, primary stress.
Open syllable, unstressed.
Open syllable, unstressed.
Closed syllable, unstressed.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: non-
Latin origin, meaning 'not', functions as a negation.
Root: oper-
Latin *opus* meaning 'work', core meaning related to action.
Suffix: -ation
Latin origin, nominalizing suffix, forms a noun from a verb.
The action or state of not cooperating; refusal to work or agree with others.
Examples:
"His lack of non-co-operation hindered the investigation."
"The union's non-co-operation led to a strike."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Shares the '-tion' suffix and similar stress pattern.
Shares the '-tion' suffix and similar stress pattern.
Shares the '-tion' suffix and similar stress pattern.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Vowel-Consonant-Consonant (VCC)
Syllables are divided after the first consonant in a VCC pattern (e.g., op-er).
Consonant Blend Division
Consonant blends are kept together within a syllable (e.g., co-op).
Prefix/Suffix Division
Prefixes and suffixes are typically separated into their own syllables (e.g., non-co-op-er-a-tion).
Open Syllables
Syllables ending in a vowel sound are considered open syllables.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
The prefix 'non-' is consistently treated as a separate syllable.
The interfix 'co-' is consistently treated as a separate syllable.
The '-tion' suffix requires careful application of consonant blend rules.
Summary:
The word 'non-co-operation' is divided into five syllables with primary stress on the third syllable ('-op-'). It's a noun formed from a prefix, interfix, root, and suffix. Syllabification follows standard English rules, prioritizing vowel sounds and maintaining consonant blends.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "non-co-operation" (US English)
1. Pronunciation Examination:
The word "non-co-operation" is a complex word with multiple morphemes. Its pronunciation involves several consonant clusters and vowel reductions, typical of English. The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable.
2. Syllable Division:
Following US English syllabification rules, the word divides as follows: non-co-op-er-a-tion.
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: non- (Latin origin, meaning "not"). Morphological function: negation.
- Root: oper- (Latin opus meaning "work"). Morphological function: core meaning related to work or action.
- Suffix: -ation (Latin origin, from -atio). Morphological function: nominalization (forming a noun from a verb).
- Interfix: co- (Latin origin, meaning "with, together"). Morphological function: combines with the root to modify its meaning.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the syllable "-op-". The stress pattern is 0-0-1-0-0.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/ˌnɑn koʊˌɑpəˈreɪʃən/
6. Edge Case Review:
The presence of consonant clusters (e.g., -op-, -er-, -tion) requires careful application of syllabification rules. The vowel reduction in unstressed syllables (e.g., /ə/ in "-a-") is also a common feature.
7. Grammatical Role:
"Non-co-operation" primarily functions as a noun. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of grammatical context, as it is a derived noun.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: The action or state of not cooperating; refusal to work or agree with others.
- Grammatical Category: Noun
- Synonyms: noncompliance, defiance, obstruction, resistance
- Antonyms: cooperation, compliance, collaboration
- Examples: "His lack of non-co-operation hindered the investigation." "The union's non-co-operation led to a strike."
9. Phonological Comparison:
- Information: /ˌɪnfərˈmeɪʃən/ - Syllables: in-for-ma-tion. Similar structure with suffixes (-tion). Stress on the penultimate syllable.
- Organization: /ˌɔrɡənaɪˈzeɪʃən/ - Syllables: or-ga-ni-za-tion. Similar suffix (-tion). Stress on the penultimate syllable.
- Communication: /kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃən/ - Syllables: com-mu-ni-ca-tion. Similar suffix (-tion). Stress on the penultimate syllable.
The consistent stress pattern on the penultimate syllable in these words, all ending in "-tion", demonstrates a common phonological feature in English noun formation. The syllable division rules are applied similarly, prioritizing vowel sounds and avoiding breaking up consonant blends where possible.
10. Division Rules:
- Rule 1: Vowel-Consonant-Consonant (VCC): When a word has a VCC pattern, the syllable is usually divided after the first consonant (e.g., op-er).
- Rule 2: Consonant Blend Division: Consonant blends (two or more consonants pronounced together) are generally kept together within a syllable (e.g., co-op).
- Rule 3: Prefix/Suffix Division: Prefixes and suffixes are typically separated into their own syllables (e.g., non-co-op-er-a-tion).
- Rule 4: Open Syllables: Syllables ending in a vowel sound are considered open syllables.
11. Special Considerations:
The prefix "non-" is often treated as a separate syllable. The interfix "co-" is also a separate syllable. The "-tion" suffix is a common source of syllable division complexity, but the rule of keeping consonant blends together applies.
12. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
Some regional variations might exhibit slight vowel differences (e.g., /ɑ/ vs. /ɔ/ in "co-"). However, these variations do not significantly alter the syllable division.
13. Short Analysis:
"Non-co-operation" is a five-syllable word with primary stress on the third syllable ("-op-"). It's formed from the prefix "non-", the interfix "co-", the root "oper-", and the suffix "-ation". Syllabification follows standard English rules, prioritizing vowel sounds and keeping consonant blends intact.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.