Hyphenation ofcontre-attaquez
Syllable Division:
con-tre-at-ta-quez
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/kɔ̃tʁə.ta.kɛ/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
00001
The primary stress falls on the final syllable, 'quez', which is typical for French words.
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable with a nasal vowel.
Open syllable with a consonant cluster.
Open syllable with a single vowel.
Open syllable with a vowel and consonant.
Closed syllable, stressed syllable.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: contre-
From Latin 'contra', meaning 'against'. Indicates opposition.
Root: attaq-
From Old French 'atake', ultimately from Frankish 'atahan', meaning 'to attack'.
Suffix: -ez
From Latin '-etis'. Second-person plural imperative ending.
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Vowel-Consonant Division
Syllables are generally divided around vowel sounds. Each vowel typically forms the nucleus of a syllable.
Consonant Cluster Handling
Consonant clusters are often maintained within a syllable, especially when they are common in French.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
The nasal vowel /ɔ̃/ in 'con' doesn't affect the syllable division but influences pronunciation.
The 'tr' consonant cluster in 'tre' is a common French cluster and doesn't pose a syllabification issue.
Summary:
The word 'contre-attaquez' is divided into five syllables: con-tre-at-ta-quez. It consists of the prefix 'contre-', the root 'attaq-', and the imperative suffix '-ez'. The stress falls on the final syllable, 'quez'. Syllabification follows standard French rules of dividing around vowel sounds and handling consonant clusters.
Detailed Analysis:
Analysis of "contre-attaquez"
1. Pronunciation: The word "contre-attaquez" is pronounced /kɔ̃tʁə.ta.kɛ/ in standard French.
2. Syllable Division: The syllable division, adhering to the rule of dividing around vowel sounds and considering consonant clusters, is: con-tre-at-ta-quez.
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: contre- (from Latin contra meaning 'against'). Function: Indicates opposition or counteraction.
- Root: attaq- (from Old French atake, ultimately from Frankish atahan meaning 'to attack'). Function: Core meaning of attack.
- Suffix: -ez (from Latin -etis). Function: Second-person plural imperative ending.
4. Stress Identification: The primary stress falls on the final syllable: -quez. French generally has stress on the last syllable of a phrase or word.
5. Phonetic Transcription: /kɔ̃tʁə.ta.kɛ/
6. Edge Case Review: The nasal vowel /ɔ̃/ in "contre" can sometimes be slightly reduced in rapid speech, but this doesn't affect the syllabification. The liaison between "contre" and "attaquez" is common but doesn't alter the syllable count.
7. Grammatical Role: "Contre-attaquez" is exclusively the second-person plural imperative form of the verb "contre-attaquer" (to counterattack). The imperative form doesn't significantly alter the syllabification rules.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: To counterattack; to respond to an attack with another attack.
- Translation: Counterattack (imperative, you all)
- Grammatical Category: Verb (imperative mood)
- Synonyms: riposter (to retaliate), répliquer (to reply, to counter)
- Antonyms: céder (to yield), reculer (to retreat)
- Examples:
- "Contre-attaquez avec force !" (Counterattack with force!)
- "Ils ont été attaqués, mais ils ont su contre-attaquer." (They were attacked, but they knew how to counterattack.)
9. Phonological Comparison:
- attaque: a-ta-que. Similar syllable structure, stress on the final syllable.
- contre: kɔ̃tʁə. A single syllable, demonstrating a different pattern due to the nasal vowel and consonant cluster.
- attaquer: a-ta-kɛ. Similar to "contre-attaquez" without the imperative ending and prefix. The final syllable is stressed in both.
Syllable Breakdown Details:
- con-: /kɔ̃/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel followed by consonant. Exception: Nasal vowel.
- tre-: /tʁə/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel preceded by consonant cluster.
- at-: /a/ - Open syllable. Rule: Single vowel.
- ta-: /ta/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel preceded by consonant.
- quez-: /kɛ/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Vowel followed by consonant cluster. Stress falls here.
Potential Exceptions/Special Cases:
- The "tr" cluster in "tre" is a common initial consonant cluster in French and doesn't pose a syllabification issue.
- The nasal vowel /ɔ̃/ in "con" doesn't change the syllable division rule, but it does affect the phonetic realization.
Differences in Syllabification based on Part of Speech:
Since "contre-attaquez" is exclusively an imperative verb form, there are no variations in syllabification based on different parts of speech.
Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
Regional variations in pronunciation might affect the vowel quality, but not the syllable division. For example, some speakers might pronounce /ɔ̃/ slightly differently, but the syllable boundaries remain the same.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.