Hyphenation ofpersonellmangel
Syllable Division:
per-so-ne-ll-man-gel
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/pɛr.sɔˈnɛl.mɑŋ.ɡəl/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
001000
Primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable ('ne').
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, CV structure.
Open syllable, CV structure.
Open syllable, CV structure.
Closed syllable, geminate consonant nucleus.
Open syllable, CV structure.
Open syllable, CV structure.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix:
Root: personell
Derived from French 'personnel' (Latin 'persona'), meaning 'staff'
Suffix: mangel
Native Norwegian, meaning 'shortage'
Shortage of staff
Translation: Staff shortage
Examples:
"Sjukdom førte til personellmangel på sjukehuset."
"Vi opplever for tida ein alvorleg personellmangel."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Consonant-Vowel (CV) Structure
The most basic syllable division rule, where consonants are followed by vowels.
Geminate Consonant Syllabification
Geminate consonants (double consonants) can form a syllable nucleus, especially when followed by a vowel.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
The 'll' cluster is a potential edge case, but the following vowel dictates keeping it together as a single syllable.
Summary:
The word 'personellmangel' is a compound noun in Nynorsk, divided into six syllables: per-so-ne-ll-man-gel. The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable. The 'll' cluster is a key feature, forming a closed syllable. The word is composed of a French-derived root ('personell') and a native Norwegian suffix ('mangel').
Detailed Analysis:
Norwegian Nynorsk Word Analysis: personellmangel
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "personellmangel" is a compound noun in Norwegian Nynorsk, meaning "staff shortage". It's pronounced with relatively straightforward vowel and consonant sounds, though the 'll' cluster requires attention. The 'e' sounds are generally open, and the 'ng' is a velar nasal.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Nynorsk syllable division rules, which generally favor maximizing onsets (consonant clusters at the beginning of a syllable), the word breaks down as follows (using only the original letters):
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- personell-: Root, derived from French "personnel" (originally Latin "persona"), meaning "staff" or "personnel". Functions as a noun stem.
- -mangel: Suffix, native Norwegian, meaning "shortage" or "lack". Functions as a noun suffix.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable (second to last).
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/pɛr.sɔˈnɛl.mɑŋ.ɡəl/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable:
- per-: /pɛr/ - Open syllable. Rule: Consonant-Vowel (CV) structure is the simplest syllable type. No exceptions.
- so-: /sɔ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Consonant-Vowel (CV) structure. No exceptions.
- ne-: /nɛ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Consonant-Vowel (CV) structure. No exceptions.
- ll-: /lː/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Geminate consonants (double consonants) form a syllable nucleus. This is a common feature in Nynorsk. Exception: Geminate consonants can sometimes be split across syllables, but here, the following vowel necessitates keeping it together.
- man-: /mɑn/ - Open syllable. Rule: Consonant-Vowel (CV) structure. No exceptions.
- gel-: /ɡəl/ - Open syllable. Rule: Consonant-Vowel (CV) structure. No exceptions.
7. Edge Case Review:
The 'll' cluster is a potential edge case. While geminate consonants are common, their syllabification can be sensitive to the surrounding sounds. In this case, the following vowel 'm' dictates keeping the 'll' together.
8. Grammatical Role:
"Personellmangel" is exclusively a noun. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function within a sentence.
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: personellmangel
- Part of Speech: Noun (masculine)
- Definitions:
- "Shortage of staff"
- "Lack of personnel"
- Translation: Staff shortage
- Synonyms: manko, underbemanning
- Antonyms: overbemanning (overstaffing)
- Examples:
- "Sjukdom førte til personellmangel på sjukehuset." (Illness led to a staff shortage at the hospital.)
- "Vi opplever for tida ein alvorleg personellmangel." (We are currently experiencing a serious staff shortage.)
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
Regional variations in Nynorsk pronunciation are relatively minor. The 'll' cluster might be slightly more or less emphasized depending on the dialect, but this doesn't significantly alter the syllable division.
11. Phonological Comparison:
- skule (school): sy-lu-le. Similar CV structure. Stress on the first syllable.
- familie (family): fa-mi-li-e. Similar CV structure, but with more syllables. Stress on the penultimate syllable, like "personellmangel".
- problem (problem): pro-blem. Similar CV structure. Stress on the first syllable.
The key difference is the geminate consonant 'll' in "personellmangel", which creates a unique syllable structure not found in the other examples. The stress pattern is similar to "familie".
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.