Hyphenation ofпароводонепроницаемое
Syllable Division:
па-ро-во-до-не-про-ни-ца-е-мое
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/pɐˈrɐvɐdɐˈnʲe prɐˈnʲitsəɪ̯məɪ̯ə/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
0000001001
Primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable ('ни' in 'про-ни-ца-е-мое').
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, simple CV structure.
Open syllable, simple CV structure.
Open syllable, simple CV structure.
Open syllable, simple CV structure.
Open syllable, palatalization of 'н' before 'е'.
Open syllable, consonant cluster onset.
Open syllable, palatalization of 'н' before 'и'.
Open syllable, simple CV structure.
Syllable nucleus, vowel reduction.
Open syllable, simple CV structure.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: паро-водо-не-
Derived from 'пар' (steam), 'вода' (water), and 'не' (not), respectively. Prefixes indicating relation to steam, water, and negation.
Root: проница-
From 'проницать' (to permeate). Proto-Slavic origin.
Suffix: -емое
Passive adjective suffix. Slavic origin.
Impermeable to steam and water; steam-waterproof.
Translation: Steam-waterproof, waterproof to steam.
Examples:
"Паро- и водонепроницаемое покрытие защищает оборудование."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar CV structure, demonstrating the common Russian preference for open syllables.
Demonstrates the handling of consonant clusters in onsets.
Shows how Russian handles loanwords and adapts them to its phonological system.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Consonant-Vowel (CV)
The most basic syllable structure in Russian. A consonant followed by a vowel forms a syllable.
Onset Cluster + Vowel
Consonant clusters can form the onset of a syllable.
Vowel Alone
A vowel can form a syllable on its own, especially in unstressed positions.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables.
Palatalization of consonants before front vowels.
The length of the word and multiple prefixes contribute to its complexity.
Summary:
The word 'пароводонепроницаемое' is a complex Russian adjective meaning 'steam-waterproof'. It's syllabified based on CV structure, maximizing open syllables. Stress falls on the penultimate syllable. The word is formed from multiple prefixes ('паро-', 'водо-', 'не-'), a root ('проница-'), and a suffix ('-емое'). Vowel reduction and palatalization are key phonological features.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "пароводонепроницаемое" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "пароводонепроницаемое" is a complex adjective meaning "steam-waterproof" or "impermeable to steam and water." It's a relatively rare word, primarily found in technical contexts. Pronunciation follows standard Russian phonological rules, with vowel reduction in unstressed syllables.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize open syllables (ending in a vowel) whenever possible, and considering the sonority hierarchy, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- паро- (paro-): Prefix, derived from "пар" (par) meaning "steam." Function: Indicates relating to steam.
- водо- (vodo-): Prefix, derived from "вода" (voda) meaning "water." Function: Indicates relating to water.
- не- (ne-): Prefix, negative prefix meaning "not" or "un-". Function: Negation.
- проницаемое (pronitsaemoe): Root + Suffix.
- проница- (pronitsa-): Root, derived from "проницать" (pronitsat’) meaning "to permeate," "to penetrate." Origin: Proto-Slavic.
- -емое (-emoe): Suffix, passive adjective suffix. Origin: Slavic.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: па-ро-во-до-не-про-ни-ца-е-мое.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/pɐˈrɐvɐdɐˈnʲe prɐˈnʲitsəɪ̯məɪ̯ə/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:
| Syllable | IPA Transcription | Rule(s) Applied | Description | Exceptions/Special Cases |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| па | /pɐ/ | Rule 1: Consonant-Vowel (CV) - simplest syllable structure. | Open syllable. | None |
| ро | /rɐ/ | Rule 1: CV | Open syllable. | None |
| во | /vɐ/ | Rule 1: CV | Open syllable. | None |
| до | /dɐ/ | Rule 1: CV | Open syllable. | None |
| не | /nʲe/ | Rule 1: CV | Open syllable. Palatalization of 'н' before 'е'. | None |
| про | /prɐ/ | Rule 2: Onset Cluster + Vowel. | Open syllable. | None |
| ни | /nʲi/ | Rule 1: CV | Open syllable. Palatalization of 'н' before 'и'. | None |
| ца | /tsɐ/ | Rule 1: CV | Open syllable. | None |
| е | /ɪ̯ə/ | Rule 3: Vowel alone. | Syllable nucleus. Vowel reduction. | Vowel reduction is common in unstressed syllables. |
| мое | /məɪ̯ə/ | Rule 1: CV | Open syllable. | None |
Division Rules:
- Consonant-Vowel (CV): The most basic syllable structure in Russian. A consonant followed by a vowel forms a syllable.
- Onset Cluster + Vowel: Consonant clusters can form the onset of a syllable.
- Vowel Alone: A vowel can form a syllable on its own, especially in unstressed positions.
7. Exceptions & Special Cases:
- Vowel reduction is a significant factor in Russian pronunciation. Unstressed vowels are often reduced to schwa-like sounds (/ə/) or other weakened forms.
- Palatalization of consonants before front vowels (е, и, ё, ю, я) is a common feature.
8. Grammatical Role & Syllabification Shifts:
The word is primarily an adjective. While it doesn't typically change form to function as other parts of speech, if it were to be nominalized (rarely), the syllabification would remain the same. Stress, however, could shift slightly depending on the context.
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: пароводонепроницаемое (parovodonepronitsaemoe)
- Part of Speech: Adjective
- Definitions:
- Definition: Impermeable to steam and water; steam-waterproof.
- Translation: Steam-waterproof, waterproof to steam.
- Synonyms: герметичный (germetichnyy - airtight, hermetic), водонепроницаемый (vodonepronitsaemyy - waterproof)
- Antonyms: проницаемый (pronitsaemyy - permeable)
- Examples: "Паро- и водонепроницаемое покрытие защищает оборудование." (The steam- and waterproof coating protects the equipment.)
- Grammatical Category: Qualitative adjective.
10. Alternative Pronunciations & Regional Variations:
Regional variations in vowel reduction and palatalization might exist, but the core syllabification remains consistent. Some speakers might slightly reduce the vowel in "мое" even further.
11. Phonological Comparison:
| Word | Syllables | Syllable Structure | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|
| водопровод (vodoprovod) - water pipe | во-до-про-вод | CV-CV-CV-CV | Similar CV structure, demonstrating the common Russian preference for open syllables. |
| электропроводка (elektroprovodka) - electrical wiring | э-лек-тро-про-вод-ка | CV-CV-CV-CV-CV-CV | Demonstrates the handling of consonant clusters in onsets. |
| атмосфера (atmosfera) - atmosphere | ат-мос-фе-ра | CV-CV-CV-CV | Shows how Russian handles loanwords and adapts them to its phonological system. |
The syllable division in all these words follows the same principles of maximizing open syllables and adhering to the sonority hierarchy. The complexity in "пароводонепроницаемое" arises from the length of the word and the multiple prefixes.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.