Hyphenation ofпароводонепроницаемую
Syllable Division:
па-ро-во-до-не-про-ни-ца-е-му-ю
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/pɐrɐvɐdɐnʲɪprɐˈnʲit͡sɐjɪmʊjʊ/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
00000001001
Primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable ('ца' in 'непроницаемую').
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial syllable.
Open syllable.
Open syllable.
Open syllable.
Closed syllable.
Open syllable.
Closed syllable.
Open syllable.
Open syllable.
Closed syllable.
Closed syllable.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: паро-
Derived from 'пар' (par) - steam; indicates relating to steam.
Root: непроницае-
Derived from 'проницать' (pronitsat’) - to permeate; 'не-' is a negative prefix.
Suffix: -мую
Adjectival passive participle ending.
Steam-water-impermeable, waterproof.
Translation: Steam-water-impermeable, waterproof.
Examples:
"Этот материал пароводонепроницаемый."
"Пароводонепроницаемая мембрана защищает от влаги."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar root and suffix structure, differing only in the prefix.
Demonstrates vowel-initial syllables and consonant clusters.
Shows a different pattern of consonant clusters and syllable formation.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Open Syllable Principle
Russian prefers syllables ending in vowels. Syllable division attempts to create open syllables whenever possible.
Consonant Cluster Resolution
Consonant clusters are broken if they impede the formation of open syllables, but some clusters are permissible within a syllable.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
The long consonant clusters (e.g., 'вдн') required careful consideration to balance the open syllable principle with permissible cluster lengths.
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a significant phonetic feature, but does not affect syllabification.
Summary:
The word 'пароводонепроницаемую' is a complex adjective meaning 'steam-waterproof'. It is divided into 11 syllables based on the open syllable principle and consonant cluster resolution. The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable. The word is formed from prefixes 'паро-' and 'водо-', the root 'непроницае-', and the adjectival suffix '-мую'.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "пароводонепроницаемую" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "пароводонепроницаемую" is a long, complex adjective meaning "steam-water-impermeable" or "waterproof." It's formed through extensive compounding and affixation. Pronunciation involves careful attention to vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, a common feature of Russian.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize the open syllable principle (preferring syllables ending in vowels), and considering consonant clusters, the division is as follows (detailed in the JSON output).
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- паро- (paro-): Prefix, derived from "пар" (par) meaning "steam." Function: Indicates relating to steam.
- водо- (vodo-): Prefix, derived from "вода" (voda) meaning "water." Function: Indicates relating to water.
- непроницае- (nepronitsaem-): Root, derived from "проницать" (pronitsat’) meaning "to permeate, to penetrate." The "не-" (ne-) is a negative prefix. Function: Core meaning of impermeability.
- -мую (-muyu): Suffix, adjectival passive participle ending. Function: Forms the short-form adjective, indicating the quality of being impermeable.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: па-ро-во-до-не-про-ни-ца́-е-му-ю.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/pɐrɐvɐdɐnʲɪprɐˈnʲit͡sɐjɪmʊjʊ/
6. Edge Case Review:
The long consonant clusters (e.g., "вдн") require careful consideration. Russian allows for some consonant clusters within syllables, but generally prefers to break them if possible while maintaining the open syllable principle.
7. Grammatical Role:
The word is an adjective in the accusative feminine singular form. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of grammatical case or gender.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: Водонепроницаемый (vodonepronitsaemyy) means waterproof. The addition of "паро-" makes it steam-waterproof.
- Translation: Steam-water-impermeable, waterproof.
- Grammatical Category: Adjective
- Synonyms: герметичный (germetichnyy - airtight, hermetic), водонепромокаемый (vodonepromokaemyy - water-repellent)
- Antonyms: проницаемый (pronitsaemyy - permeable)
- Examples:
- "Этот материал пароводонепроницаемый." (Etot material parovodonepronitsaemyy.) - "This material is steam-waterproof."
- "Пароводонепроницаемая мембрана защищает от влаги." (Parovodonepronitsaemaya membrana zashchishchayet ot vlagi.) - "The steam-waterproof membrane protects against moisture."
9. Phonological Comparison:
- водонепроницаемый (vodonepronitsaemyy): во-до-не-про-ни-ца-е-мый (vo-do-ne-pro-ni-tsa-e-myy) - Similar structure, lacking the "паро-" prefix. Syllabification follows the same rules.
- безопасность (bezopasnost’): бе-зо-пас-ность (be-zo-pas-nost’) - Demonstrates vowel-initial syllables and consonant clusters.
- ответственность (otvetstvennost’): от-вет-ствен-ность (ot-vet-stven-nost’) - Shows a different pattern of consonant clusters and syllable formation.
The differences in syllable division arise from the varying consonant clusters and vowel sequences in each word. The open syllable principle remains the guiding factor.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.