Hyphenation ofполиэтилентерефталате
Syllable Division:
по-ли-э-ти-лен-те-реф-та-ла-те
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/pɐlʲɪɛˈtʲilʲɪn tʲɪrʲɪfˈtalətʲɪ/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
0010000010
Primary stress falls on the third syllable (э) and the ninth syllable (ла).
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, unstressed.
Open syllable, unstressed.
Open syllable, stressed.
Open syllable, unstressed.
Closed syllable, unstressed.
Open syllable, unstressed.
Closed syllable, unstressed.
Open syllable, unstressed.
Open syllable, stressed.
Open syllable, unstressed.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: поли-
From Greek 'polys' meaning 'many'. Indicates polymeric structure.
Root: фтала-
From 'phthalic acid'. Core component.
Suffix: -е
Case ending (nominative/accusative plural or genitive singular).
A thermoplastic polymer resin widely used in synthetic fibers, bottles, and packaging.
Translation: Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
Examples:
"Бутылки сделаны из полиэтилентерефталата."
"Полиэтилентерефталат широко используется в производстве упаковки."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar vowel-consonant alternation and stress pattern.
Similar consonant clusters, but shorter length.
Similar length and complexity, but different vowel patterns.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Syllable Nucleus Rule
Each syllable must contain a vowel sound.
Consonant Cluster Rule
Avoid breaking up consonant clusters unless absolutely necessary.
Sonority Hierarchy Rule
Consonants are grouped based on their sonority.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
The length of the word and the presence of multiple vowels in close proximity.
Potential for slight vowel reduction in unstressed syllables.
Regional variations in consonant palatalization.
Summary:
The word 'полиэтилентерефталате' is a complex Russian noun denoting polyethylene terephthalate. It is divided into ten syllables, with primary stress on the third and ninth syllables. The morphemic structure reveals Greek and Latin origins, indicating its technical nature. Syllabification follows standard Russian rules prioritizing vowel sounds and avoiding unnecessary consonant cluster breaks.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "полиэтилентерефталате" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "полиэтилентерефталате" is a complex noun denoting a polymer – specifically, polyethylene terephthalate. Its pronunciation is challenging due to the length and cluster of consonants. It's a highly technical term, and pronunciation can vary slightly depending on the speaker's regional accent and level of familiarity with chemical terminology.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize vowel sounds and avoid breaking consonant clusters where possible, the division is as follows (detailed in the JSON output).
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: поли- (poly-) - From Greek "polys" meaning "many". Function: Indicates a polymeric structure.
- Root: этилен- (ethylene-) - From "ethylene", a hydrocarbon. Function: Core component of the polymer.
- Interfix: -тер- (-ter-) - Connects the ethylene and phthalate components. No independent meaning.
- Root: фтала- (phthal-) - From "phthalic acid", a dicarboxylic acid. Function: Another core component of the polymer.
- Suffix: -ат- (-ate) - From Latin, common in chemical nomenclature. Function: Forms the noun.
- Suffix: -е (-(e)) - Case ending (nominative/accusative plural or genitive singular). Function: Grammatical case marker.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the third syllable: по-ли-э-ти-ле́н-те-реф-та-ла́-те.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/pɐlʲɪɛˈtʲilʲɪn tʲɪrʲɪfˈtalətʲɪ/
6. Edge Case Review:
Long words in Russian often present challenges in syllabification. The rule of avoiding consonant clusters is generally followed, but exceptions exist, especially with borrowed words. The presence of multiple vowels in close proximity also influences the division.
7. Grammatical Role:
The word is primarily a noun. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of grammatical case.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: Полиэтилентерефталат (polyethylene terephthalate) is a thermoplastic polymer resin widely used in synthetic fibers, bottles, and packaging.
- Translation: Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
- Grammatical Category: Noun (masculine, inanimate)
- Synonyms: ПЭТ (PET - abbreviation)
- Antonyms: (None directly applicable - it's a specific material)
- Examples:
- "Бутылки сделаны из полиэтилентерефталата." (The bottles are made of polyethylene terephthalate.)
- "Полиэтилентерефталат широко используется в производстве упаковки." (Polyethylene terephthalate is widely used in the production of packaging.)
9. Phonological Comparison:
- телевидение (televideniye): те-ле-ви-де́-ни-е. Similar vowel-consonant alternation. Stress on the fourth syllable.
- автомобиль (avtomobil'): а-вто-мо́-биль. Similar consonant clusters, but shorter. Stress on the third syllable.
- университет (universitet): у-ни-ве́р-си-те́т. Similar length and complexity, but with different vowel patterns. Stress on the fourth syllable.
The differences in syllable division arise from the specific arrangement of vowels and consonants in each word, and the application of the rule to avoid breaking up consonant clusters where possible.
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
Some speakers might slightly reduce the vowels in unstressed syllables, making them more schwa-like. Regional accents might also affect the palatalization of consonants.
11. Division Rules Applied:
- Syllable Nucleus Rule: Each syllable must contain a vowel sound.
- Consonant Cluster Rule: Avoid breaking up consonant clusters unless absolutely necessary.
- Sonority Hierarchy Rule: Consonants are grouped based on their sonority (ability to be pronounced with voice).
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.