Hyphenation ofполиэтилентерефталатом
Syllable Division:
по-ли-э-ти-лен-те-ре-ф-та-ла-том
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/pɐlʲɪɛˈtʲilʲɪn tʲɪrʲɪfˈtalətəm/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
00000000100
Primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable ('ла'). Unstressed syllables exhibit vowel reduction.
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, unstressed.
Open syllable, unstressed.
Open syllable, unstressed.
Open syllable, unstressed.
Closed syllable, unstressed.
Open syllable, unstressed.
Open syllable, unstressed.
Open syllable, unstressed.
Open syllable, unstressed.
Open syllable, stressed.
Closed syllable, unstressed.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: поли-
From Greek *poly-* meaning 'many'. Prefix indicating multiple repeating units.
Root: этилентерефталат-
Compound root from *этилен* (ethylene) and *терефталат* (terephthalate). *Этилен* from Greek *aithêr*, *Терефталат* from *терефталевая кислота*.
Suffix: -ом
Instrumental case ending for neuter nouns.
A synthetic resin, a type of polyester, commonly known as PET.
Translation: Polyethylene terephthalate
Examples:
"Бутылки сделаны из полиэтилентерефталата."
"Переработка полиэтилентерефталата важна для экологии."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar syllable structure with vowel-consonant alternation.
Similar in length and consonant clusters.
Demonstrates vowel insertion between consonants, a common feature in Russian.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Open Syllable Principle
Russian prefers syllables ending in vowels. Consonants are assigned to the following vowel whenever possible.
Consonant Cluster Resolution
Complex consonant clusters are broken down based on sonority, with more sonorous sounds tending to form the syllable peak.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a significant factor in pronunciation.
The long consonant cluster 'ftl' requires careful articulation.
Regional variations in pronunciation may affect the realization of certain sounds.
Summary:
The word 'полиэтилентерефталатом' is a complex noun denoting polyethylene terephthalate. It is divided into 11 syllables with stress on the penultimate syllable. The morphemic structure consists of the prefix 'поли-', the root 'этилентерефталат-', and the suffix '-ом'. Syllabification follows the open syllable principle and resolves consonant clusters based on sonority. Vowel reduction occurs in unstressed syllables.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "полиэтилентерефталатом" (polyethylene terephthalate)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "полиэтилентерефталатом" is a complex nominalization denoting polyethylene terephthalate, a type of plastic. Its pronunciation is challenging due to the length and cluster of consonants. It's crucial to consider vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, a common feature of Russian phonology.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize the open syllable principle (preferring syllables ending in vowels), and considering consonant clusters, the division is as follows (detailed in the JSON output).
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: поли- (poly-) - From Greek poly- meaning "many". Functions as a prefix indicating a large number of repeating units (in this case, ethylene terephthalate units).
- Root: этилентерефталат- (ethylene terephthalate-) - A compound root formed from этилен (ethylene) and терефталат (terephthalate). Этилен originates from the Greek aithêr (ether) via French. Терефталат is derived from терефталевая кислота (terephthalic acid).
- Suffix: -ом (-om) - Instrumental case ending for neuter nouns. Indicates the material with which something is made or the means by which something is done.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: по-ли-э-ти-лен-те-ре-ф-та-ла́-том.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/pɐlʲɪɛˈtʲilʲɪn tʲɪrʲɪfˈtalətəm/
6. Edge Case Review:
The long consonant clusters (e.g., ftl) require careful consideration. Russian allows for complex clusters, but their realization can vary slightly depending on tempo and regional accent.
7. Grammatical Role:
The word is primarily a noun, specifically a neuter noun in the instrumental case. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of case.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: Полиэтилентерефталатом - A synthetic resin, a type of polyester, commonly known as PET.
- Translation: Polyethylene terephthalate
- Grammatical Category: Noun (neuter, instrumental case)
- Synonyms: ПЭТ (PET - abbreviation)
- Antonyms: (None directly applicable, as it's a material)
- Examples:
- "Бутылки сделаны из полиэтилентерефталата." (The bottles are made of polyethylene terephthalate.)
- "Переработка полиэтилентерефталата важна для экологии." (Recycling polyethylene terephthalate is important for the environment.)
9. Phonological Comparison:
- телевизор (television): те-ле-ви́-зор /tʲɪlʲɪˈvʲizər/ - Similar syllable structure with vowel-consonant alternation. Stress on the third syllable.
- компьютер (computer): ком-пью́-тер /kəmˈpʲutʲɪr/ - Similar in length and consonant clusters. Stress on the second syllable.
- фотоаппарат (camera): фо-то-а-па-ра́т /fəˈtoapərət/ - Demonstrates vowel insertion between consonants, a common feature in Russian. Stress on the fourth syllable.
The differences in stress placement are due to the morphological structure and historical development of each word. The presence of the prefix поли- in our target word influences the stress pattern.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.