Hyphenation ofпротивотуберкулезные

Linguistic Analysis of "противотуберкулезные" (Russian)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "противотуберкулезные" (protivotuberkuleznye) is a complex adjective meaning "anti-tuberculosis" or "antitubercular." It's a relatively long word with multiple morphemes and presents some challenges in syllabification due to consonant clusters. The pronunciation involves palatalization and vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, typical of Russian.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize the sonority hierarchy and avoid breaking consonant clusters where possible, the word is divided as follows (see JSON output for the orthographic representation).

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: противо- (protivo-) - From Old Slavic, meaning "against," "counter-." Function: Denotes opposition or resistance.
• Root: туберкулез (tuberkulez) - From Latin tuberculum (small swelling) via French tuberculose. Function: Refers to tuberculosis.
• Suffix: -ные (-nye) - A common adjectival suffix in Russian, forming relative adjectives. Function: Indicates belonging to or related to the root.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the third syllable: про-ти-во-ту-бер-ку-ле́з-ные.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/prətʲɪvɐtʊbʲɪrkʊlʲɪˈznʲɪjə/

6. Edge Case Review:

The consonant clusters /st/ and /rk/ require careful consideration. Russian generally allows these within a syllable, but the sonority hierarchy influences the division. The vowel /u/ in "туберкулез" is subject to vowel reduction in unstressed positions.

7. Grammatical Role:

The word is primarily an adjective. While it can be used attributively (e.g., "противотуберкулезные препараты" - anti-tuberculosis drugs), its syllabification and stress remain consistent.

8. Definition & Semantics:

• Definition: Relating to or used in the prevention or treatment of tuberculosis.
• Translation: Anti-tuberculosis, antitubercular.
• Grammatical Category: Adjective
• Synonyms: антитуберкулёзные (antitulerkuleznye) - a more direct transliteration.
• Antonyms: None directly applicable.
• Examples:
  • "противотуберкулезные препараты" (protivotuberkuleznye preparaty) - anti-tuberculosis drugs
  • "противотуберкулезная кампания" (protivotuberkuleznaya kampaniya) - anti-tuberculosis campaign

9. Phonological Comparison:

• "сопротивление" (soprotivleniye): /səprətʲɪˈvlʲenʲɪjə/ - Syllables: со-про-тив-ле́-ни-е. Similar prefix "противо-" and consonant clusters. Stress falls on the fourth syllable.
• "инфекционные" (infektsionnye): /ɪnfʲɪkˈtsʲɪənːɨjə/ - Syllables: ин-фек-ци-о́н-ные. Similar adjectival suffix "-ные". Stress falls on the fourth syllable.
• "медицинские" (meditsinskiye): /mʲɪdʲɪˈtsʲinskʲɪjə/ - Syllables: ме-ди-ци́н-ские. Similar adjectival suffix "-ские". Stress falls on the third syllable.

The syllable structure in "противотуберкулезные" is more complex due to the longer root and the initial prefix. The other words demonstrate the typical Russian pattern of stress falling on the root syllable or a syllable close to it.