Hyphenation ofпротивотуберкулезных
Syllable Division:
про-ти-во-ту-бер-ку-ле-зных
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/prətʲɪvɐtʊbʲɪrkʊlʲɪˈznɨx/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
00001001
Primary stress falls on the fifth syllable (ку-ле-**зных**).
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial syllable.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant.
Open syllable, vowel reduction.
Open syllable.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant.
Open syllable.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant.
Closed syllable, consonant cluster.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: про-
Old Slavic origin, indicates opposition/direction.
Root: туберкулез-
Latin origin (*tuberculum*), denotes tuberculosis.
Suffix: -ных
Adjectival suffix, indicates case and gender.
Relating to the prevention or treatment of tuberculosis.
Translation: Anti-tuberculosis
Examples:
"противотуберкулезные препараты"
"противотуберкулезные мероприятия"
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Shares the 'про-' prefix and similar suffix structure.
Shares the root 'туберкулез-' and similar suffix structure.
Demonstrates the 'про-' prefix and syllable division before vowels.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Vowel Boundary
Syllable division generally occurs before a vowel sound.
Consonant Cluster Handling
Certain consonant clusters, particularly at the end of words, are maintained.
Palatalization
Consonants are palatalized before 'и' and syllable division reflects this.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
The 'зн' cluster in the final syllable is a common exception to the open syllable preference.
Vowel reduction ('о' to /ə/) influences pronunciation but not syllabification.
Summary:
The word 'противотуберкулезных' is syllabified based on vowel boundaries and consonant cluster rules. Stress falls on the fifth syllable. It's a complex adjective derived from Latin, meaning 'anti-tuberculosis'. Syllable division is consistent with other similar Russian words.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "противотуберкулезных" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "противотуберкулезных" is a complex adjective meaning "anti-tuberculosis" (specifically, relating to treatments or measures against tuberculosis). It's a highly derived word, typical of scientific and medical terminology in Russian. Pronunciation involves a series of consonant clusters and vowel reductions, common in the language.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters): про-ти-во-ту-бер-ку-ле-зных
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: про- (from Old Slavic *pro-) - Function: Indicates direction, opposition, or completion.
- Root: -туберкулез- (from Latin tuberculum - "little swelling," via French tuberculose) - Function: Denotes tuberculosis.
- Suffix: -ных (a highly inflected adjectival suffix indicating plural, genitive, dative, or locative case, depending on context) - Function: Grammatical case marking and gender agreement.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the fifth syllable: ту-бер-ку-ле-зных.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/prətʲɪvɐtʊbʲɪrkʊlʲɪˈznɨx/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:
- про- /prə/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division generally occurs before a vowel. No exceptions.
- ти- /tʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel. Palatalization of 'т' due to following 'и'.
- во- /və/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel. Vowel reduction of 'о' to /ə/.
- ту- /tʊ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel.
- бер- /bʲɪr/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel. Palatalization of 'б' due to following 'и'.
- ку- /kʊ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel.
- ле- /lʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel. Palatalization of 'л' due to following 'и'.
- зных /znɨx/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant clusters are generally broken before vowels, but 'зн' can remain together. Final consonant cluster.
7. Edge Case Review:
The 'зн' cluster in the final syllable is a common edge case. While Russian generally prefers open syllables, certain consonant clusters are maintained, especially at the end of words.
8. Grammatical Role:
The word is an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function within a sentence (e.g., modifying a noun).
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: Relating to the prevention or treatment of tuberculosis.
- Translation: Anti-tuberculosis
- Grammatical Category: Adjective (plural, genitive/dative/locative case)
- Synonyms: противотуберкулёзный (singular form), антитуберкулёзный (less common)
- Antonyms: None directly applicable.
- Examples: "противотуберкулезные препараты" (anti-tuberculosis drugs), "противотуберкулезные мероприятия" (anti-tuberculosis measures).
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
Minor variations in vowel reduction might occur depending on dialect, but the core syllabification remains consistent. Some speakers might slightly reduce the 'о' in 'про' even further.
11. Phonological Comparison:
- противоположных (opposite) - про-ти-во-по-лож-ных. Similar structure with a prefix and complex suffix.
- туберкулёзный (tuberculosis) - ту-бер-ку-лёз-ный. Shares the root and similar suffix structure.
- промышленность (industry) - про-мыш-лен-ность. Demonstrates the prefix 'про-' and syllable division before vowels.
The consistency in syllable division before vowels and the handling of consonant clusters are evident across these examples. The stress pattern, however, varies based on the word's morphology and length.
The hottest word splits in Russian
See what terms are trending and getting hyphenated by users right now.
- скаредничавшая
- фотосопротивлении
- фотосопротивление
- фотоснимок
- скаредничавшего
- предводительствовало
- фотоприёмника
- фотосопротивлений
- фотосопротивлением
- фотоприёмникам
- предводительствовала
- предводительствовали
- предводительством
- скаредничавшей
- скаредничавшему
- силицидами
- предводительствовать
- скаредничавшее
- фотоприёмнике
- предводительству
What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.