Hyphenation ofсконцентрировавшеюся

Linguistic Analysis of "сконцентрировавшеюся" (Russian)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "сконцентрировавшеюся" is a complex verbal adjective (past active participle) derived from the verb "сконцентрировать" (to concentrate). Its pronunciation involves a series of consonant clusters and vowel reductions typical of Russian.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize the open syllable principle (preferring syllables ending in vowels), and considering the sonority hierarchy, the word is divided as follows (using only original letters):

скон-цен-три-ро-вав-ше-ю-ся

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: с- (from Proto-Slavic *sъ-) - indicates perfective aspect or completion of the action.
• Root: концентр- (from Latin concentrare via French/German) - meaning "to concentrate".
• Suffix: -ирова- (verbal suffix, derived from French -er and Russian -ирова- ) - forms the infinitive and related verb forms.
• Suffix: -вш- (past participle suffix) - indicates past action.
• Suffix: -ею- (gender/case/number agreement suffix) - feminine singular, instrumental case.
• Suffix: -ся (reflexive/passive particle) - indicates a completed action affecting the subject.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the 'о' in the fourth syllable: скон-цен-три-ро-вав-ше-ю-ся.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/skənʲt͡sʲɪnˈtrʲɪrəvɐvʂɨjʊsʲæ/

6. Edge Case Review:

Russian syllabification can be complex with consonant clusters. The rule of maximizing open syllables is dominant, but sonority also plays a role. The 'вш' cluster is a common occurrence in past participles and is generally treated as a single syllable-forming unit.

7. Grammatical Role:

The word functions as a short-form adjective, specifically a past active participle. Syllabification remains consistent regardless of its grammatical function within a sentence.

8. Definition & Semantics:

• Definition: Having concentrated; concentrated (feminine singular, instrumental case).
• Translation: Concentrated, having concentrated.
• Grammatical Category: Adjective (past active participle).
• Synonyms: сосредоточенная (sosredotočennaja - focused), сконцентрированная (skoncentrirovannaja - concentrated).
• Antonyms: рассеянная (rasseyannaya - distracted), невнимательная (nevnimatel'naya - inattentive).
• Example Usage: "Она была сконцентрировавшеюся на задаче." (Ona byla skoncentrirovavsheyusya na zadache.) - "She was concentrated on the task."

9. Phonological Comparison:

• сконцентрированный (skoncentrirovannyj): скон-цен-три-ро-ван-ный - Similar syllable structure, stress on 'ро'.
• концентрировать (kontsentrirovat'): кон-цен-три-ро-вать - Similar root and suffixes, stress on 'ро'.
• сосредоточенный (sosredotočennyj): со-сре-до-то-чен-ный - Different root, but similar suffix structure and stress pattern.

The differences in syllable division arise primarily from the presence or absence of the prefix 'с-' and the varying endings reflecting grammatical case/gender/number.

10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, some regional variations might exhibit slight vowel reductions or palatalization differences. However, these variations generally do not affect the core syllable division.

11. Division Rules:

• Open Syllable Principle: Syllables tend to end in vowels.
• Sonority Hierarchy: Consonants are grouped based on their sonority (ability to be pronounced as a continuous sound).
• Consonant Cluster Resolution: Clusters are broken down based on sonority and the open syllable principle.