Hyphenation ofсконцентрировавшуюся

Linguistic Analysis of "сконцентрировавшуюся" (Russian)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "сконцентрировавшуюся" is a past participle, feminine singular, of the perfective verb "сконцентрировать" (to concentrate). It's a complex word with a significant number of morphemes. Pronunciation involves careful attention to vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, a common feature of Russian.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters): ско-н-цен-три-ро-вав-шую-ся

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: с- (from Proto-Slavic *sъ-) - indicates perfective aspect and completion of the action.
• Root: концентр- (from Latin concentrare via French/German) - meaning "to concentrate".
• Suffix: -ирова- (verbal suffix, derived from French -er) - forms the verb stem.
• Suffix: -в- (linking suffix, common in Russian verb formation)
• Suffix: -шую- (past active participle suffix, feminine singular)
• Suffix: -ся (reflexive/passive particle, indicating completed action affecting the subject)

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the third syllable: ско-н-це́н-три-ро-вав-шую-ся.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/skənʲt͡sʲɪnˈtrʲɪrəvɐvʂʊjə/

6. Edge Case Review:

Russian syllabification generally follows the principle of maximizing onsets. Consonant clusters are often broken up, but the goal is to create syllables with a clear beginning and end. The 'в' between 'ро' and 'ав' is a potential point of debate, but it's generally considered part of the following syllable due to the vowel following it.

7. Grammatical Role:

As a past participle, the word functions as an adjective modifying a noun. The syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function within a sentence.

8. Definition & Semantics:

• Definition: Having concentrated; concentrated (feminine singular past active participle).
• Translation: Concentrated (feminine singular)
• Grammatical Category: Adjective (past active participle)
• Synonyms: сосредоточенную (soсредоточенную - focused), собранную (sobrannuyu - collected)
• Antonyms: рассеянную (rasseyannuyu - scattered), невнимательную (nevnimatelnuyu - inattentive)
• Examples:
  • "Она была сконцентрирована на задаче." (Ona byla skoncentrirovana na zadache.) - She was concentrated on the task.
  • "Сконцентрировавшуюся энергию можно использовать." (Skoncentrirovavshuyu energiyu mozhno ispol'zovat'.) - The concentrated energy can be used.

9. Phonological Comparison:

• конструировать (konstruirovat') - to construct: кон-стру-и-ро-вать. Similar root structure, stress on the third syllable.
• инструмент (instrument) - instrument: ин-стру-мент. Similar consonant clusters, stress on the second syllable.
• центрировать (centrirovat') - to center: цен-три-ро-вать. Shares the "центр" root, stress on the second syllable.

The differences in syllable division arise from the varying suffixes and prefixes attached to the root. The longer the word, the more complex the syllabification becomes, but the underlying principles remain consistent.

10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed above, some regional variations might exhibit slight differences in vowel reduction or palatalization. However, these variations generally do not affect the core syllable division.

11. Division Rules:

• Rule 1: Sonority Sequencing Principle: Syllables tend to be structured to maximize sonority, with more sonorous sounds (vowels) forming the syllable peak.
• Rule 2: Onset Maximization: Russian favors maximizing the number of consonants in the onset of a syllable, as long as it doesn't violate phonotactic constraints.
• Rule 3: Vowel-Centric Syllables: Each syllable generally contains one vowel sound.
• Rule 4: Consonant Cluster Resolution: Consonant clusters are broken up in a way that creates pronounceable syllables.