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Hyphenation ofэлектрокардиограммам

Syllable Division & Pronunciation

Syllable Division:

э-лек-тро-кар-ди-о-грам-мам

Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)

/ɪlʲɪktrɐkɐrdʲɪˈɡramːəm/

Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)

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Primary stress falls on the syllable 'грам' (gram). The final syllable 'мам' also receives secondary stress due to the case ending.

Detailed Syllable Breakdown

Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound

э/ɪ/

Open syllable, initial vowel.

лек/lʲɪk/

Covered syllable, consonant cluster broken after 'л'.

тро/trɐ/

Covered syllable, consonant cluster broken after 'т'.

кар/kɐr/

Covered syllable, consonant cluster broken after 'к'.

ди/dʲɪ/

Covered syllable, consonant cluster broken after 'д', palatalization.

о/ɔ/

Open syllable, unstressed vowel reduction.

грам/ɡram/

Covered syllable, stressed syllable, consonant cluster broken after 'г'.

мам/məm/

Covered syllable, consonant cluster broken after 'м'.

Morphemic Breakdown

Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)

электро-(prefix)
+
кардио-(root)
+
-граммам(suffix)

Prefix: электро-

From Greek 'ἤλεκτρον', denoting electricity.

Root: кардио-

From Greek 'καρδία', meaning heart.

Suffix: -граммам

From Greek 'γράμμα', forming a noun; '-м' is the genitive plural case ending.

Meanings & Definitions
noun(grammatical role in sentences)

A record of the electrical activity of the heart.

Translation: electrocardiograms

Examples:

"Врач изучил электрокардиограммы."

"На электрокардиограммах были обнаружены отклонения."

Synonyms: ЭКГ (EKG)
Similar Words Comparison

Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features

телевизорте-ле-ви-зор

Similar consonant clusters and loanword structure.

компьютерком-п'ю-тер

Similar loanword structure with consonant clusters.

фотографияфо-то-гра-фи-я

Demonstrates typical Russian syllabification with multiple syllables and consonant clusters.

Syllable Division Rules

The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end

Consonant Cluster Breakage

Russian syllables generally begin with a consonant. Consonant clusters are broken after the first consonant if possible.

Vowel Reduction

Unstressed vowels are reduced in pronunciation.

Initial Vowel

Initial vowels are always pronounced.

Special Considerations

Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure

Palatalization of consonants influences pronunciation and perceived syllable boundaries.

Vowel reduction can vary slightly depending on regional dialects.

Analysis Summary

Summary:

The word 'электрокардиограммам' is a complex noun with eight syllables, divided based on consonant cluster breakage and vowel reduction rules. The primary stress falls on the 'грам' syllable. It's a loanword with Greek origins, denoting electrocardiograms.

Detailed Analysis:

Linguistic Analysis of "электрокардиограммам" (Russian)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "электрокардиограммам" (èlektrokardiogrammam) is a complex noun denoting an electrocardiogram. Its pronunciation involves a series of consonant clusters and vowel reductions typical of Russian.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):

3. Morphemic Analysis:

  • Prefix: электро- (èlektro-) - From Greek "ἤλεκτρον" (ḗlektron) meaning amber, referring to electricity. Function: Denotes the use of electricity.
  • Root: кардио- (kardio-) - From Greek "καρδία" (kardía) meaning heart. Function: Indicates relation to the heart.
  • Suffix: -грамма ( -gramma) - From Greek "γράμμα" (grámma) meaning letter, record. Function: Forms a noun denoting a record or tracing.
  • Suffix: -м (-m) - Genitive plural case ending. Function: Indicates grammatical case and number.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the third syllable: э-лек-тро-кар-ди-о-гра́м-мам.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/ɪlʲɪktrɐkɐrdʲɪˈɡramːəm/

6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:

Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:

  • э (e): /ɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Russian syllables generally begin with a consonant, and vowels in unstressed positions are reduced. Exception: Initial vowel is always pronounced.
  • лек (lek): /lʲɪk/ - Covered syllable. Rule: Consonant clusters are broken after the first consonant if possible.
  • тро (tro): /trɐ/ - Covered syllable. Rule: Consonant clusters are broken after the first consonant if possible.
  • кар (kar): /kɐr/ - Covered syllable. Rule: Consonant clusters are broken after the first consonant if possible.
  • ди (di): /dʲɪ/ - Covered syllable. Rule: Consonant clusters are broken after the first consonant if possible. Palatalization of the consonant.
  • о (o): /ɔ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel reduction in unstressed position.
  • грам (gram): /ɡram/ - Covered syllable. Rule: Consonant clusters are broken after the first consonant if possible. Stressed syllable.
  • мам (mam): /məm/ - Covered syllable. Rule: Consonant clusters are broken after the first consonant if possible.

7. Edge Case Review:

The word contains several consonant clusters, which are common in Russian loanwords. Syllabification prioritizes breaking these clusters after the first consonant, but palatalization influences the pronunciation and can affect perceived syllable boundaries.

8. Grammatical Role:

The word is primarily a noun. The syllabification and stress remain consistent across different grammatical cases, though the case ending (-м) will change.

9. Definition & Semantics:

  • Word: электрокардиограммам (èlektrokardiogrammam)
  • Translation: electrocardiograms (plural, genitive case)
  • Part of Speech: Noun (feminine, plural, genitive case)
  • Synonyms: ЭКГ (EKG - abbreviation)
  • Antonyms: (None directly applicable)
  • Examples:
    • "Врач изучил электрокардиограммы." (The doctor studied the electrocardiograms.)
    • "На электрокардиограммах были обнаружены отклонения." (Deviations were found on the electrocardiograms.)

10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

Regional variations in vowel reduction might exist, but the core syllabification remains consistent. Some speakers might slightly alter the duration of vowels, but this doesn't change the syllable structure.

11. Phonological Comparison:

  • телевизор (televizor): те-ле-ви-зор - Similar consonant clusters, broken in the same manner.
  • компьютер (komp'yuter): ком-п'ю-тер - Similar loanword structure with consonant clusters.
  • фотография (fotografiya): фо-то-гра-фи-я - Demonstrates the typical syllabification pattern of Russian words with multiple syllables and consonant clusters.
Analysis generated by gemma3:27b on 6/10/2025

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Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.

This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.

With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.