Hyphenation ofбактериостатическая

Linguistic Analysis of "бактериостатическая" (bakteriostaticheskaya)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "бактериостатическая" (bakteriostaticheskaya) is a complex adjective meaning "bacteriostatic." It's a relatively long word, heavily influenced by Greek and Latin roots. Pronunciation follows standard Russian phonological rules, with vowel reduction in unstressed syllables being a key feature.

2. Syllable Division:

ба-кте-ри-о-ста-ти-че-ская

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: бактeриo- (bakterio-) - From Greek bakterion (βακτήριον) meaning "small stick," referring to bacteria.
• Root: -стат- (-stat-) - From Greek stasis (στάσις) meaning "standing, stillness." Indicates a halting or inhibiting action.
• Suffix: -ическ- (-ichesk-) - A common suffix in Russian forming adjectives from nouns, often indicating a quality or characteristic. Derived from the suffix -ic in English.
• Suffix: -ая (-aya) - Feminine singular adjectival ending.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the fifth syllable: ба-кте-ри-о-ста-ти-че-ская.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/bɐktʲɪrʲɪɐstɐˈtʲit͡ɕɪskəjə/

6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:

• ба /bɐ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around a vowel nucleus. No consonant clusters prevent division.
• кте /ktʲɪ/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant clusters are generally broken after the first consonant if a vowel follows.
• ри /rʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel nucleus followed by a consonant.
• о /ɔ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Single vowel constitutes a syllable.
• ста /stɐ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Consonant cluster broken after the first consonant.
• ти /tʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel nucleus preceded by a consonant.
• че /t͡ɕɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Palatalized consonant followed by a vowel.
• ская /skəjə/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant cluster broken after the first consonant.

7. Edge Case Review:

Russian syllabification generally avoids leaving a single consonant at the beginning of a syllable unless it's a sonorant (l, m, n, r). This rule is followed here. The palatalization of consonants (indicated by the 'ʲ' in the IPA) influences pronunciation but doesn't directly affect syllable division.

8. Grammatical Role:

The word is primarily an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of grammatical function (e.g., modifying a noun).

9. Definition & Semantics:

• Definition: Относящийся к бактериостазу или обладающий свойством останавливать рост и размножение бактерий. (Relating to bacteriostasis or possessing the property of stopping the growth and reproduction of bacteria.)
• Translation: Bacteriostatic
• Grammatical Category: Adjective
• Synonyms: антибактериальный (antibacterial), подавляющий рост бактерий (suppressing bacterial growth)
• Antonyms: бактерицидный (bactericidal - killing bacteria)
• Examples: бактериостатические препараты (bacteriostatic drugs), бактериостатическое действие (bacteriostatic effect)

10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed above, some regional variations might exhibit slight differences in vowel reduction or palatalization. However, these variations generally don't alter the syllable division.

11. Phonological Comparison:

• автомобиль (avtomobil'): ав-то-мо-биль - Similar open syllable structure. Stress falls on the third syllable.
• университет (universitet): у-ни-ве-рси-те́т - More complex consonant clusters, but still follows the rule of breaking after the first consonant. Stress falls on the fifth syllable.
• библиотека (biblioteka): би-бли-о-те́-ка - Similar to "бактериостатическая" in having multiple syllables and consonant clusters. Stress falls on the fourth syllable.

The differences in syllable division arise from the specific arrangement of consonants and vowels in each word, but the underlying rules remain consistent.