Hyphenation ofбактериостатической
Syllable Division:
ба-к-те-ри-о-ста-ти-че-ской
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/bɐkʲtʲɪrʲɪˈstatʲɪt͡ɕɪskəj/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
000001000
Primary stress falls on the sixth syllable ('ста').
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial syllable.
Syllable nucleus is a consonant.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant.
Open syllable, unstressed vowel.
Closed syllable, stressed.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant.
Open syllable, affricate.
Closed syllable, final syllable.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix:
None
Root: бактерио-
From Greek *bakterion* (βακτήριον) - 'small stick'
Suffix: статической
-стат- (Greek *stasis*), -ическ- (Latin/French -icus), -ой (feminine genitive singular ending)
Inhibiting the growth of bacteria
Translation: bacteriostatic
Examples:
"Бактериостатическое действие антибиотика."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Shares the 'bakterio-' root and similar suffix structure.
Contains the 'bakterio-' root.
Shares the '-ическ-' suffix.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Onset Maximization
Russian syllabification prioritizes creating syllables with consonant clusters at the beginning (onsets) whenever possible.
Open/Closed Syllables
Syllables are classified as open (ending in a vowel) or closed (ending in a consonant).
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a prominent feature of Russian pronunciation, but doesn't affect syllable division.
Palatalization of consonants before 'и' influences pronunciation but not syllabification.
Summary:
The word 'бактериостатической' is a complex adjective with nine syllables, divided according to Russian phonological rules prioritizing onset maximization. Stress falls on the sixth syllable. The word is derived from Greek and Latin roots and features common Russian suffixes.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "бактериостатической" (bakteriostaticheskoj)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "бактериостатической" is a feminine singular adjective meaning "bacteriostatic" in the genitive case. It's a complex word built from several morphemes. Pronunciation involves a mix of voiced and voiceless consonants, palatalization, and vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, typical of Russian.
2. Syllable Division:
The syllable division, adhering to the rule of maximizing onsets, is: ба-к-те-ри-о-ста-ти-че-ской.
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: None
- Root: бактерио- (bakterio-) - from Greek bakterion (βακτήριον) meaning "small stick," referring to bacteria.
- Suffixes:
- -стат- (-stat-) - from Greek stasis (στάσις) meaning "standing, stillness," indicating inhibition.
- -ическ- (-ichesk-) - a suffix forming adjectives, often denoting a quality or characteristic. Derived from French "-ique" and ultimately Latin "-icus".
- -ой (-oj) - a feminine genitive singular ending.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the sixth syllable: ба-к-те-ри-о-ста́-ти-че-ской.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/bɐkʲtʲɪrʲɪˈstatʲɪt͡ɕɪskəj/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
| Syllable | IPA Transcription | Rule Explanation | Potential Exceptions |
|---|---|---|---|
| ба | /bɐ/ | Open syllable. Consonant followed by vowel. | None |
| к | /k/ | Syllable nucleus is a consonant. Russian allows consonant clusters to begin syllables. | None |
| те | /tʲɪ/ | Open syllable. Palatalization of 'т' due to following 'и'. | None |
| ри | /rʲɪ/ | Open syllable. Palatalization of 'р' due to following 'и'. | None |
| о | /o/ | Open syllable. | Vowel reduction in unstressed position. |
| ста | /stɐ/ | Closed syllable. Consonant cluster followed by vowel. | None |
| ти | /tʲɪ/ | Open syllable. Palatalization of 'т' due to following 'и'. | None |
| че | /t͡ɕɪ/ | Open syllable. Affricate 'ч' followed by vowel. | None |
| ской | /skəj/ | Closed syllable. Consonant cluster followed by vowel. | None |
7. Edge Case Review:
Russian syllabification prioritizes maximizing onsets (consonant clusters at the beginning of a syllable). The word doesn't present any unusual edge cases, but vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a key feature of its pronunciation.
8. Grammatical Role:
The word is an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function (e.g., nominative, accusative). However, the ending changes, affecting the final syllable.
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: бактериостатической (bakteriostaticheskoj)
- Part of Speech: Adjective
- Definitions:
- Translation: bacteriostatic (inhibiting the growth of bacteria)
- Synonyms: антибактериальной (antibacterial'noj)
- Antonyms: бактерицидной (baktericidnoj - bactericidal)
- Examples: "Бактериостатическое действие антибиотика." (Bakteriostaticheskoe dejstvie antibiotika - The bacteriostatic effect of the antibiotic.)
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, some regional variations might exhibit slight differences in vowel reduction or palatalization. However, these variations generally don't alter the syllable division.
11. Phonological Comparison:
| Word | Syllables | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| бактерицидный (baktericidnyj) | бак-те-ри-цид-ный | Similar root (bakterio-), similar suffix structure. Syllable division follows the same onset maximization principle. |
| антибактериальный (antibakterial'nyj) | ан-ти-бак-те-ри-аль-ный | Contains the root "bakterio-". Syllable division is consistent with the rule of maximizing onsets. |
| статистический (statisticheskij) | ста-ти-сти-че-ский | Shares the suffix "-ическ-". Syllable division follows the same rules. |
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.