Hyphenation ofбактериостатическом
Syllable Division:
ба-к-те-ри-о-ста-ти-че-ском
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/bɐkʲtʲɪrʲɪɐˈstatʲɪt͡ɕɪskəm/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
000001000
Primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable ('ти' in 'статическом').
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, onset consonant.
Closed syllable, onset consonant, palatalized.
Open syllable, onset consonant, palatalized.
Open syllable, onset consonant, palatalized.
Open syllable, vowel nucleus.
Open syllable, onset consonant cluster.
Open syllable, onset consonant, palatalized.
Open syllable, onset affricate.
Closed syllable, onset consonant cluster.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: бактeриo-
From Greek *bakterion* (βακτήριον) meaning 'small stick,' referring to bacteria.
Root: -стат-
From Greek *statis* (στάσις) meaning 'standing, stillness.' Indicates a stopping or inhibiting action.
Suffix: -ом
Instrumental case ending.
Относящийся к бактериостазу; способный подавлять рост и размножение бактерий.
Translation: Bacteriostatic
Examples:
"Бактериостатические свойства антибиотика."
"Бактериостатическое действие препарата."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar syllable structure and stress pattern.
Similar syllable structure and stress pattern.
Similar syllable structure and stress pattern.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Sonority Principle
Syllables are formed to maximize the sonority of the syllable nucleus.
Onset Maximization
Consonant clusters are permitted at the beginning of a syllable (onset) as long as they adhere to phonotactic constraints.
Vowel as Nucleus
Each syllable must have a vowel nucleus.
Stress Placement
Stress in Russian is variable but often falls on the penultimate syllable, especially in adjectives.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables.
Permissibility of the 'кт' consonant cluster.
Consistency of stress pattern across related words.
Summary:
The word 'бактериостатическом' is divided into nine syllables based on the sonority principle and onset maximization. Stress falls on the penultimate syllable. It's an adjective derived from Greek and Latin roots, meaning 'bacteriostatic.' Syllabification is consistent with other similar Russian adjectives.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "бактериостатическом"
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "бактериостатическом" (bakteriostaticeskom) is an adjective in Russian, meaning "bacteriostatic." It's a relatively complex word, heavily influenced by Greek and Latin roots. Pronunciation involves careful attention to vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, a common feature of Russian phonology.
2. Syllable Division:
The syllable division, adhering to the rule of maximizing onsets, is as follows: ба-к-те-ри-о-ста-ти-че-ском.
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: бактeриo- (bakterio-) - From Greek bakterion (βακτήριον) meaning "small stick," referring to bacteria.
- Root: -стат- (-stat-) - From Greek statis (στάσις) meaning "standing, stillness." Indicates a stopping or inhibiting action.
- Suffix: -ическ- (-ichesk-) - A suffix forming adjectives from nouns, indicating belonging to or relating to. Derived from the Slavic root.
- Suffix: -ом (-om) - Instrumental case ending, indicating means or agency.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: ба-к-те-ри-о-ста-ти-че-ском.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/bɐkʲtʲɪrʲɪɐˈstatʲɪt͡ɕɪskəm/
6. Edge Case Review:
Russian syllabification generally follows the principle of the sonority hierarchy, favoring consonant clusters where possible. The "кт" cluster is permissible as an onset. Vowel reduction is significant in unstressed syllables, impacting the phonetic realization but not the orthographic syllable division.
7. Grammatical Role:
The word is an adjective. Its syllabification and stress remain consistent across different grammatical cases, though the case ending (-ом) will change.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: Относящийся к бактериостазу; способный подавлять рост и размножение бактерий. (Relating to bacteriostasis; capable of suppressing the growth and reproduction of bacteria.)
- Translation: Bacteriostatic
- Grammatical Category: Adjective
- Synonyms: антибактериальный (antibacterial), антимикробный (antimicrobial)
- Antonyms: бактерицидный (bactericidal)
- Examples:
- "Бактериостатические свойства антибиотика." ("The bacteriostatic properties of the antibiotic.")
- "Бактериостатическое действие препарата." ("The bacteriostatic effect of the drug.")
9. Phonological Comparison:
- автоматическом (avtomaticheskom): ав-то-ма-ти-че-ском. Similar syllable structure, with consonant clusters and vowel reduction. Stress falls on the penultimate syllable.
- демократическом (demokraticheskom): де-мо-кра-ти-че-ском. Similar structure, again with penultimate stress.
- географическом (geograficheskom): ге-о-гра-фи-че-ском. Similar structure, with a slightly different consonant cluster. Stress falls on the penultimate syllable.
The consistency in penultimate stress and syllable structure across these words demonstrates the regular application of Russian stress patterns and syllabification rules.
10. Division Rules:
- Rule 1: Sonority Principle: Syllables are formed to maximize the sonority of the syllable nucleus.
- Rule 2: Onset Maximization: Consonant clusters are permitted at the beginning of a syllable (onset) as long as they adhere to phonotactic constraints.
- Rule 3: Vowel as Nucleus: Each syllable must have a vowel nucleus.
- Rule 4: Stress Placement: Stress in Russian is variable but often falls on the penultimate syllable, especially in adjectives.
11. Special Considerations:
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a key feature of Russian pronunciation. This doesn't affect the orthographic syllable division but significantly alters the phonetic realization. The "кт" cluster is a common and permissible onset in Russian.
12. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, slight variations in vowel quality might occur depending on regional accents. However, these variations do not typically affect the syllable division.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.