Hyphenation ofдевяностоградусными
Syllable Division:
де-вя-но-сто-гра-дус-ны-ми
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/dʲɪvʲɪˈnostəɡrɐˈdusnɨmʲɪ/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
00100100
The primary stress falls on the third syllable ('но' - no) in the word. This is typical for Russian adjectives of this length and structure.
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial syllable.
Open syllable, contains a palatalized consonant.
Open syllable, stressed syllable.
Closed syllable, consonant cluster onset.
Open syllable.
Closed syllable.
Closed syllable, contains a reduced vowel.
Closed syllable, final syllable, palatalized consonant.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: девяносто-
Proto-Slavic origin, meaning 'ninety'.
Root: градус-
Latin origin, meaning 'degree'.
Suffix: -ными
Slavic origin, instrumental plural adjectival suffix.
Relating to or measuring ninety degrees.
Translation: ninety-degree
Examples:
"Углы были измерены девяностоградусными транспортирами."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Shares the 'градус-' root and similar adjectival suffix.
Shares the 'градус-' root and similar adjectival suffix, demonstrating the impact of prefix length.
Shares the 'градус-' root and similar adjectival suffix, illustrating complex prefix syllabification.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Vowel-Consonant Division
Syllables are divided after vowels whenever possible.
Maximizing Onsets
Consonant clusters are broken up to create syllables with a consonant-vowel structure.
Morpheme Boundaries
Syllable boundaries often align with morpheme boundaries.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables does not affect orthographic syllable division.
The 'ст' consonant cluster is treated as a single onset.
Summary:
The word 'девяностоградусными' is an instrumental plural adjective meaning 'ninety-degree'. It is syllabified as де-вя-но-сто-гра-дус-ны-ми, with stress on the third syllable ('но'). The word is composed of a Proto-Slavic prefix, a Latin root, and a Slavic suffix. Syllable division follows standard Russian rules of vowel-consonant separation and maximizing onsets.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "девяностоградусными" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "девяностоградусными" is an adjective meaning "ninety-degree" (specifically, in the instrumental plural). It's a complex word formed from multiple morphemes. Pronunciation involves careful attention to vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, a common feature of Russian.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters): де-вя-но-сто-гра-дус-ны-ми.
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- девяносто- (devyanosto-): Prefix meaning "ninety". Origin: Proto-Slavic *devętь (nine) + *desętь (ten).
- градус- (gradus-): Root meaning "degree". Origin: Latin gradus.
- -ными (-nymi): Suffix indicating instrumental plural. Origin: Slavic, a combination of the instrumental plural suffix -ми (-mi) and the adjectival suffix -н- (-n-).
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the third syllable: де-вя-но-сто-гра-дус-ны-ми.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/dʲɪvʲɪˈnostəɡrɐˈdusnɨmʲɪ/
6. Edge Case Review:
Russian syllabification generally follows the principle of maximizing onsets. Consonant clusters are usually broken up to create syllables with a consonant-vowel structure. However, certain consonant clusters are considered inseparable. In this word, the 'ст' ('st') cluster in 'сто' is treated as a single onset.
7. Grammatical Role:
The word is an adjective. If it were used as a noun (which is less common but possible in certain contexts), the stress pattern would likely remain the same, but the syllabification would not change.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: девяностоградусными (devyanostogradusnymi)
- Grammatical Category: Adjective
- Translation: ninety-degree (instrumental plural)
- Synonyms: прямоугольными (pryamougol'nymi - rectangular), угловыми (uglovymi - angular)
- Antonyms: непрямыми (nepryamymi - not direct), округлыми (okruglymi - rounded)
- Examples:
- "Углы были измерены девяностоградусными транспортирами." (Ugly byli izmereny devyanostogradusnymi transportirami.) - "The angles were measured with ninety-degree protractors."
- "Поверхности соединялись под девяностоградусными углами." (Poverkhnosti soyedinyalis' pod devyanostogradusnymi uglami.) - "The surfaces were joined at ninety-degree angles."
9. Phonological Comparison:
- стоградусный (stogradusnyi) - "hundred-degree": сто-гра-дус-ный (sto-gra-dus-nyi). Similar syllable structure, but lacks the "девяносто-" prefix.
- шестиградусный (shestigradusnyi) - "six-degree": шес-ти-гра-дус-ный (shesti-gra-dus-nyi). Demonstrates how prefixes influence syllable count.
- тридцатиградусный (tridtsatigradusnyi) - "thirty-degree": трид-ца-ти-гра-дус-ный (trid-tsa-ti-gra-dus-nyi). Shows how complex prefixes can be broken down into multiple syllables.
10. Division Rules:
- Rule 1: Vowel-Consonant Division: Syllables are typically divided after vowels (e.g., де-вя).
- Rule 2: Maximizing Onsets: Consonant clusters are broken up to create syllables with a consonant-vowel structure where possible (e.g., гра-дус).
- Rule 3: Sonority Sequencing Principle: Consonants are ordered by sonority within a syllable.
- Rule 4: Prefix/Suffix Boundaries: Morphemic boundaries often coincide with syllable boundaries.
11. Special Considerations:
Vowel reduction is a significant factor in pronunciation, but does not affect the orthographic syllable division. The 'ст' cluster is treated as a single onset.
12. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, some regional variations in vowel reduction might occur, but these do not alter the syllable division.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.