Hyphenation ofзасвидетельствованная
Syllable Division:
за-сви-де-тель-ство-ван-на-я
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/zɐˈsvʲɪdʲɪtʲɪlʲstvəˈvanːəjə/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
00100000
The primary stress falls on the third syllable 'де' (de). The stress is marked with '1', while unstressed syllables are marked with '0'.
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, unstressed.
Open syllable, unstressed, palatalization of 'с' due to following 'и'.
Open syllable, stressed, palatalization of 'д' due to following 'е'.
Closed syllable, unstressed, palatalization of 'т'.
Open syllable, unstressed.
Closed syllable, unstressed, long vowel due to position.
Open syllable, unstressed, vowel reduction.
Open syllable, unstressed, vowel reduction.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: за-
Slavic origin, indicates completion or initiation.
Root: свидетельство-
Slavic origin, related to witnessing and evidence.
Suffix: -ованный
Slavic origin, forms the passive participle.
Certified, attested, evidenced, proven.
Translation: Certified, attested
Examples:
"Засвидетельствованная копия документа"
"Засвидетельствованная подпись"
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Shares the same root and similar syllable structure.
Demonstrates similar vowel reduction patterns.
Illustrates consonant cluster resolution in Russian syllabification.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Open Syllable Principle
Syllables tend to end in vowels whenever possible.
Sonority Hierarchy
Consonants are grouped based on their sonority, influencing syllable boundaries.
Consonant Cluster Resolution
Consonant clusters are broken based on vowel proximity and sonority.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Palatalization of consonants before 'и' and 'е'.
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a common feature of Russian pronunciation.
The 'ст' cluster is often treated as a single unit, but is split here due to the following vowel.
Summary:
The word засвидетельствованная is a feminine passive participle adjective meaning 'certified'. It is syllabified as за-сви-де-тель-ство-ван-на-я, with stress on the third syllable. The morphemic structure consists of the prefix 'за-', the root 'свидетельство-', and the suffix '-ованный'. Syllabification follows the open syllable principle and sonority hierarchy, with consonant clusters resolved based on vowel proximity.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of засвидетельствованная (zasvidetel'stvovannaya)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word засвидетельствованная is a feminine past passive participle of the verb засвидетельствовать (zasvidetel'stvovat'), meaning "to certify" or "to attest." It's a relatively long word with a complex morphological structure. Pronunciation involves several consonant clusters and vowel reductions typical of Russian.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize the open syllable principle (preferring syllables to end in a vowel), and considering the sonority hierarchy, the word is divided as follows (see "syllable_division" in the JSON output).
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: за- (za-) - Origin: Slavic. Function: Prefixes the verb, indicating completion or initiation of the action.
- Root: свидетельство- (svidetel'stvo-) - Origin: Slavic. Function: Core meaning related to "witnessing," "evidence," or "testimony." Derived from the root свид- (svid-), meaning "to see" or "to know."
- Suffix: -ованный (-ovannyy) - Origin: Slavic. Function: Forms the passive participle, indicating that the action has been done to the subject.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the third syllable: за-сви-де́-тель-ство-ван-на-я.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/zɐˈsvʲɪdʲɪtʲɪlʲstvəˈvanːəjə/
6. Edge Case Review:
Russian syllabification can be tricky with consonant clusters. The rule generally favors breaking clusters after a vowel, but sonority plays a role. The 'ст' cluster is often treated as a single unit, but in this case, it's split due to the following vowel.
7. Grammatical Role:
The word is an adjective, specifically a passive participle adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its function within a sentence (e.g., modifying a noun).
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: Certified, attested, evidenced, proven.
- Grammatical Category: Adjective (feminine, singular, nominative/accusative)
- Translation: Certified, attested
- Synonyms: подтвержденная (podtverzhdennaya - confirmed), установленная (ustanavlennaya - established)
- Antonyms: опровергнутая (oprovergnutaya - refuted), не подтвержденная (ne podtverzhdennaya - unconfirmed)
- Examples:
- Засвидетельствованная копия документа (Zasvidetel'stvovannaya kopiya dokumenta) - A certified copy of the document.
- Засвидетельствованная подпись (Zasvidetel'stvovannaya podpis') - A certified signature.
9. Phonological Comparison:
- свидетельство (svidetel'stvo): сви-де-тель-ство (svi-de-tel'-stvo) - Similar syllable structure, stress on the second syllable.
- установление (ustanavlennie): у-ста-нов-ле-ни-е (u-sta-nov-le-ni-e) - Similar vowel reduction patterns in unstressed syllables.
- подтверждение (podtverzhdenie): под-твер-жде-ни-е (pod-tver-zhde-ni-e) - Demonstrates the typical Russian pattern of consonant clusters being broken by vowels.
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, some regional variations might exhibit slight differences in vowel reduction or palatalization. However, these variations generally don't affect the core syllabification.
11. Division Rules:
- Open Syllable Principle: Syllables tend to end in vowels.
- Sonority Hierarchy: Consonants are grouped based on their sonority, influencing syllable boundaries.
- Consonant Cluster Resolution: Clusters are broken based on vowel proximity and sonority.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.