Hyphenation ofзасвидетельствованные

Linguistic Analysis of "засвидетельствованные" (Russian)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "засвидетельствованные" is a passive past participle in Russian, meaning "certified," "attested," or "witnessed." It's a relatively long word with a complex morphological structure. Pronunciation involves a mix of voiced and voiceless consonants, palatalization, and vowel reduction in unstressed syllables.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize the open syllable principle (preferring syllables to end in a vowel), and considering consonant clusters, the division is as follows (detailed in the JSON output).

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• за- (prefix): Origin - Slavic. Function - indicates the completion of an action or a state.
• -свидетель- (root): Origin - Slavic. Meaning - "witness."
• -ство- (suffix): Origin - Slavic. Function - forms a noun denoting a state, quality, or action.
• -ванн- (suffix): Origin - Slavic. Function - forms a passive past participle.
• -ые (suffix): Origin - Slavic. Function - indicates plural and gender (masculine/neuter).

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the third syllable: за-сви-де́-тель-ство-ван-ные.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/zɐˈsvʲɪdʲɪtʲɪlʲstvɐˈvanːɨjə/

6. Edge Case Review:

Russian syllabification can be tricky with consonant clusters. The rule of "sonority peak" is applied, where the most sonorous sound forms the syllable nucleus. Vowel reduction (akan'ye/ikan'ye) in unstressed syllables is a significant factor in pronunciation, but doesn't affect the orthographic syllable division.

7. Grammatical Role:

As a passive past participle, the word functions primarily as an adjective. The syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function within a sentence.

8. Definition & Semantics:

• Word: засвидетельствованные (zasvidetel'stvovannye)
• Grammatical Category: Adjective (passive past participle)
• Translation: Certified, attested, witnessed, documented.
• Synonyms: подтвержденные (podtverzhdennye - confirmed), удостоверенные (udostoverennye - verified).
• Antonyms: не подтвержденные (ne podtverzhdennye - unconfirmed), неофициальные (neofitsial'nye - unofficial).
• Examples:
  • "Засвидетельствованные копии документов" - "Certified copies of documents."
  • "Засвидетельствованные факты" - "Attested facts."

9. Phonological Comparison:

• удостоверенные (udostoverennye): у-до-сто-ве-рен-ные. Similar syllable structure, stress on the third syllable.
• подтвержденные (podtverzhdennye): по-д-твер-жден-ные. Slightly simpler structure, but still follows the open syllable principle.
• официальные (ofitsial'nye): о-фи-ци-аль-ные. A shorter word, but demonstrates the typical vowel-consonant alternation in Russian syllables.

10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, some regional variations might exhibit slight differences in vowel reduction or palatalization. However, these variations do not significantly alter the syllable division.

11. Division Rules:

• Open Syllable Principle: Syllables tend to end in vowels.
• Sonority Peak: The most sonorous sound within a consonant cluster forms the syllable nucleus.
• Consonant Cluster Resolution: Consonant clusters are broken up based on the sonority hierarchy.