Hyphenation ofпароводонепроницаемой

Linguistic Analysis of "пароводонепроницаемой" (Russian)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "пароводонепроницаемой" is a long, complex adjective meaning "steam-waterproof" or "impermeable to steam and water." It's formed through extensive compounding and affixation. Pronunciation involves careful attention to vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, a common feature of Russian.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize the open syllable principle (preferring syllables ending in vowels), and considering consonant clusters, the division is as follows (using only original letters):

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: паро- (paro-) - From пар (par) meaning "steam."
• Root: вод- (vod-) - From вода (voda) meaning "water."
• Interfix: -о- (-o-) - Connects the two roots.
• Suffix: -непроницаем- (-nepronitsaem-) - Derived from проницаемый (pronitsaemyy) meaning "permeable," with the negative prefix не- (ne-).
• Suffix: -ой (-oy) - Adjectival ending, feminine singular, instrumental/prepositional case.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: па-ро-во-до-не-про-ни-ца́-е-мой.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/pɐˈrovədɐnʲɪprənʲɪt͡sɐˈeməj/

6. Edge Case Review:

The long consonant clusters (e.g., вдн) require careful consideration. Russian allows for some consonant clusters within syllables, but generally prefers to break them if possible while maintaining the open syllable principle.

7. Grammatical Role:

The word is an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of case or number, though vowel reduction will vary depending on stress.

8. Definition & Semantics:

• Definition: Impermeable to steam and water; waterproof and steamproof.
• Grammatical Category: Adjective (прилагательное)
• Translation: Steam-waterproof, impermeable to steam and water.
• Synonyms: водонепроницаемый (vodonepronitsaemyy - waterproof), герметичный (germetichnyy - airtight/watertight)
• Antonyms: проницаемый (pronitsaemyy - permeable)
• Examples:
  • "Эта ткань пароводонепроницаемой." (Eta tkan' parovodonepronitsaemoy) - "This fabric is steam-waterproof."
  • "Паро-водонепроницаемая куртка защитит вас от дождя и снега." (Paro-vodonepronitsaemaya kurtka zashchitit vas ot dozhdya i snega) - "A steam-waterproof jacket will protect you from rain and snow."

9. Phonological Comparison:

• водонепроницаемый (vodonepronitsaemyy): во-до-не-про-ни-ца-е-мый. Similar structure, stress on the penultimate syllable.
• паропроницаемый (paropronitsaemyy): па-ро-про-ни-ца-е-мый. Similar structure, stress on the penultimate syllable.
• безопасный (bezopasnyy): бе-зо-пас-ный. Simpler structure, but demonstrates the typical Russian stress pattern.

The key difference is the length and compounding in "пароводонепроницаемой," leading to a greater number of syllables and more potential for vowel reduction.

Detailed Syllable Breakdown & Rules:

Division Rules Applied:

1. Open Syllable Principle: Russian favors syllables ending in vowels.
2. Consonant Cluster Resolution: Consonant clusters are broken when possible to create open syllables, but not at the expense of morphemic integrity.
3. Palatalization: Consonants before 'е' and 'и' are often palatalized.

Special Considerations:

• Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is significant.
• The interfix '-о-' is a common feature in compound words.
• The negative prefix 'не-' can cause assimilation or other phonetic changes.

Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

Minor variations in vowel reduction might occur depending on dialect.