Hyphenation ofпароводонепроницаемою

Linguistic Analysis of "пароводонепроницаемою" (Russian)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "пароводонепроницаемою" is a long, complex adjective in Russian, meaning "steam-water-impermeable" or "waterproof." It's formed through extensive compounding and affixation. Pronunciation involves a series of relatively straightforward vowel and consonant sounds, though the length and number of syllables present a challenge for syllabification.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize open syllables (ending in a vowel) whenever possible, and considering the sonority hierarchy, the word breaks down as follows (see "syllable_division" in the JSON output).

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• паро- (paro-): Prefix, derived from "пар" (par) meaning "steam." Indicates relating to steam.
• водо- (vodo-): Prefix, derived from "вода" (voda) meaning "water." Indicates relating to water.
• непроницаем- (nepronitsaem-): Root, derived from "проницаемый" (pronitsaemyy) meaning "permeable." The "не-" (ne-) prefix negates the root, making it "impermeable."
• -ою (-oyu): Suffix, inflectional ending indicating feminine singular instrumental case.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: па-ро-во-до-не-про-ни-ца́-е-мо-ю.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/pɐrɐvɐdɐnʲɪprɐˈnʲit͡sɐɪ̯ɪmɐjʊ/

6. Edge Case Review:

The combination of multiple prefixes and a long root presents a potential edge case. However, Russian allows for extensive prefixation, and the syllabification follows established patterns. The "йо" (yo) ending is a common feature and doesn't pose a significant challenge.

7. Grammatical Role:

The word is an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function within a sentence.

8. Definition & Semantics:

• Word: пароводонепроницаемою (parovodonepronitsaemoyu)
• Grammatical Category: Adjective
• Translation: Steam-water-impermeable, waterproof
• Synonyms: водонепроницаемый (vodonepronitsaemyy - waterproof), герметичный (germetichnyy - airtight/watertight)
• Antonyms: проницаемый (pronitsaemyy - permeable)
• Examples:
  • "Паро- и водонепроницаемая ткань" (Paro- i vodonepronitsaemaya tkan' - Steam- and waterproof fabric)
  • "Паро- и водонепроницаемая куртка" (Paro- i vodonepronitsaemaya kurtka - Steam- and waterproof jacket)

9. Phonological Comparison:

• водонепроницаемый (vodonepronitsaemyy): во-до-не-про-ни-ца-е-мый (vo-do-ne-pro-ni-tsa-e-myy). Similar structure, stress on the penultimate syllable.
• безопасность (bezopasnost'): бе-зо-пас-ность (be-zo-pas-nost'). Demonstrates a similar pattern of vowel-consonant alternation in syllable division.
• ответственность (otvetstvennost'): от-вет-ствен-ность (ot-vet-stven-nost'). Shows how consonant clusters are handled in syllabification, often split around vowels.

10. Division Rules:

• Rule 1: Open Syllable Preference: Russian favors open syllables (CV). Syllables are formed to maximize the number of open syllables.
• Rule 2: Sonority Hierarchy: Syllables are divided to avoid complex consonant clusters within a syllable. Sounds are ordered by sonority (vowels > glides > liquids > nasals > fricatives > stops).
• Rule 3: Vowel as Syllable Nucleus: Each syllable must have a vowel nucleus.
• Rule 4: Prefix/Suffix Boundaries: Morphemic boundaries often coincide with syllable boundaries.

11. Special Considerations:

The long sequence of prefixes and the presence of the soft consonant "нь" (n') require careful consideration. The "йо" ending is treated as a single syllable.

12. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, some regional variations might exhibit slight vowel reduction in unstressed syllables. However, this doesn't significantly alter the syllabification.