Hyphenation ofпротивобактериологические

Linguistic Analysis of "противобактериологические" (Russian)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "противобактериологические" is a complex adjective meaning "antibacterial" or "anti-bacteriological." It's a relatively long word, heavily reliant on prefixes and suffixes, common in scientific and medical terminology in Russian. Pronunciation involves careful attention to vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, a key feature of Russian phonology.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: противо- (protivo-) - From Proto-Slavic protivo, meaning "against," "opposed to." Function: Indicates opposition or counteraction.
• Root: бактерио- (bakterio-) - From Greek bakterion, meaning "small stick," referring to bacteria. Function: Denotes the presence or relation to bacteria.
• Suffix: -логический (-logicheskiy) - From Greek logikos, meaning "logical," "relating to study." Function: Forms an adjective indicating a characteristic related to the study of something.
• Suffix: -еский (-eskiy) - A common adjectival suffix in Russian. Function: Forms a qualitative adjective.
• Suffix: -ие (-iye) - Forms a neuter plural adjective. Function: Indicates grammatical gender and number.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: про-ти-во-ба́к-те-ри-о-ло-ги́-че-ски́е.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/prɐˈtʲivəbɐktʲɪrʲɪˈlɔɡʲɪt͡ɕɪskʲɪjə/

6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:

Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:

7. Edge Case Review:

Russian syllabification generally avoids leaving a consonant at the end of a syllable unless it's a sonorant (l, m, n, r). This rule is consistently followed here. Vowel reduction is a significant factor, impacting the phonetic realization of unstressed vowels.

8. Grammatical Role:

The word primarily functions as an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical role within a sentence.

9. Definition & Semantics:

• Word: противобактериологические (protivobakteriologicheskiye)
• Translation: Antibacterial, anti-bacteriological
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Synonyms: антибактериальные (antibakterial'nyye)
• Antonyms: бактерицидные (bakteritsidnyye - bactericidal)
• Examples:
  • "противобактериологические препараты" (protivobakteriologicheskiye preparaty) - antibacterial drugs
  • "противобактериологические свойства" (protivobakteriologicheskiye svoystva) - antibacterial properties

10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, slight regional variations in vowel reduction might occur, but these wouldn't significantly alter the syllable division.

11. Phonological Comparison:

These words share similar morphological structures and suffix patterns, resulting in comparable syllabification rules being applied. The presence of consonant clusters and vowel reduction are also consistent across these examples.