Hyphenation ofпротивопоставляющийся
Syllable Division:
про-ти-во-по-ста-вля-ю-щий-ся
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/prətʲɪvɐpəstɐˈvʲlʲæjʊɕːɪj sʲæ/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
000001000
Primary stress falls on the syllable 'ля' in '-ля-ющ-'. Unstressed syllables exhibit vowel reduction.
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, onset 'п', rime 'ро'
Closed syllable, onset 'т', rime 'и', palatalization
Open syllable, onset 'в', rime 'о', vowel reduction
Open syllable, onset 'п', rime 'о', vowel reduction
Open syllable, onset 'ст', rime 'а'
Open syllable, onset 'вл', rime 'я', palatalization
Single vowel with glide
Closed syllable, onset 'щ', rime 'ий', long soft consonant
Open syllable, onset 'с', rime 'я', palatalization
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: про-
Slavic origin, indicates direction 'against'
Root: -став-
From 'ставить' (stavit’) - to put, to place, Proto-Slavic origin
Suffix: -тиво-по-ставля-ющ-ий-ся
Combination of intensifying prefix, linking vowel, verb stem, participle suffix, adjectival suffix, reflexive particle
Opposing, contrasting, being juxtaposed
Translation: Opposing, contrasting, being juxtaposed
Examples:
"Противопоставляющийся взгляд"
"Противопоставляющийся подход"
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Shares the same prefix and root structure.
Shares the '-ля-ющ-' suffix, demonstrating consistent syllabification.
Similar prefix structure and vowel reduction patterns.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Onset-Rime
Syllables are divided based on the onset (consonant(s) at the beginning) and rime (vowel and any following consonants).
Vowel Reduction
Unstressed vowels are reduced in pronunciation.
Palatalization
Consonants are palatalized before 'и', 'е', 'ё', 'ю', 'я'.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Long soft consonant 'щ' functions as a single onset.
Vowel reduction is a pervasive feature impacting pronunciation.
Palatalization of consonants before certain vowels.
Summary:
The word 'противопоставляющийся' is a complex adjective formed with multiple prefixes and suffixes. Syllabification follows the onset-rime principle, with vowel reduction and palatalization influencing pronunciation. Stress falls on the '-ля-ющ-' syllable. The word signifies opposition or contrast.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "противопоставляющийся" (protivopostavlyayushchiysya)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "противопоставляющийся" is a present active participle of the verb "противопоставить" (protivopostavit’) meaning "to oppose, to contrast." It's a complex word with multiple prefixes and suffixes. Pronunciation involves careful attention to vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, a common feature of Russian.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: про- (pro-) - Slavic origin, indicates direction "against," "opposite."
- Root: -став- (-stav-) - from the verb "ставить" (stavit’) meaning "to put, to place," ultimately from Proto-Slavic *staviti.
- Prefix: -тиво- (-tivo-) - Slavic origin, intensifying the opposition.
- Suffix: -о- (-o-) - linking vowel.
- Suffix: -по- (-po-) - indicates a completed action or result.
- Suffix: -ставля- (-stlya-) - part of the verb stem.
- Suffix: -ющ- (-yushch-) - present active participle suffix.
- Suffix: -ий- (-iy-) - adjectival suffix.
- Suffix: -ся (-sya) - reflexive/passive particle, here forming the participle.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the suffix "-ющ-": про-ти-во-по-став-ля́-ю-щий-ся.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/prətʲɪvɐpəstɐˈvʲlʲæjʊɕːɪj sʲæ/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:
| Syllable | IPA Transcription | Rule Application | Exceptions/Special Cases |
|---|---|---|---|
| про | /prə/ | Onset-Rime: 'п' is the onset, 'ро' is the rime. Syllable division occurs before the vowel. | Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables. |
| ти | /tʲɪ/ | Onset-Rime: 'т' is the onset, 'и' is the rime. Palatalization of 'т' due to following 'и'. | |
| во | /vɐ/ | Onset-Rime: 'в' is the onset, 'о' is the rime. Vowel reduction. | |
| по | /pɐ/ | Onset-Rime: 'п' is the onset, 'о' is the rime. Vowel reduction. | |
| ста | /stɐ/ | Onset-Rime: 'ст' is the onset, 'а' is the rime. | |
| вля | /vʲlʲæ/ | Onset-Rime: 'вл' is the onset, 'я' is the rime. Palatalization of 'в' due to following 'я'. | |
| ю | /jʊ/ | Single vowel with glide. | |
| щий | /ɕːɪj/ | Onset-Rime: 'щ' is the onset, 'ий' is the rime. Long soft consonant 'щ'. | |
| ся | /sʲæ/ | Onset-Rime: 'с' is the onset, 'я' is the rime. Palatalization of 'с' due to following 'я'. |
7. Edge Case Review:
The long soft consonant 'щ' in "щий" requires careful consideration. It functions as a single onset for the syllable. Vowel reduction is a pervasive feature, impacting the pronunciation of unstressed vowels.
8. Grammatical Role:
The word functions primarily as an adjective, describing something that is being opposed or contrasted. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function within a sentence.
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: противопоставляющийся
- Translation: opposing, contrasting, being juxtaposed
- Part of Speech: Adjective (Present Active Participle)
- Synonyms: противоположенный (protivopolozhennyy), различающийся (razlichayushchiysya)
- Antonyms: совпадающий (sovpadayushchiy), одинаковый (odinakovyy)
- Examples:
- "Противопоставляющийся взгляд" (Protivopostavlyayushchiysya vzglyad) - "An opposing viewpoint."
- "Противопоставляющийся подход" (Protivopostavlyayushchiy podkhod) - "A contrasting approach."
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, slight variations in vowel reduction might occur depending on regional accents. However, the syllable division remains consistent.
11. Phonological Comparison:
| Word | Syllables | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| противопоставить (protivopostavit’) | про-ти-во-по-ста-вить | Similar prefix and root structure. Syllable division follows the same onset-rime principles. |
| составляющий (sostavlyayushchiy) | со-став-ля-ю-щий | Shares the "-ля-ющ-" suffix, demonstrating consistent syllabification of this morpheme. |
| противопоказанный (protivopokazannyy) | про-ти-во-по-ка-зан-ный | Similar prefix structure and vowel reduction patterns. |
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the use of hyphens to join words or parts of words. It plays a crucial role in writing, ensuring clarity and readability.
In compound terms like 'check-in', the hyphen clarifies relationships between words. It also assists in breaking words at line ends, preserving flow and understanding, such as in 'tele-communication'. Hyphenation rules vary; some words lose their hyphens with common usage (e.g., 'email' from 'e-mail'). It's an evolving aspect of language, with guidelines differing across style manuals. Understanding hyphenation improves writing quality, making it an indispensable tool in effective communication.