Hyphenation ofпротивосифилитическая
Syllable Division:
про-ти-во-си-фи-ли-ти-че-ска-я
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/prɐˈtʲivəsʲɪfʲɪlʲɪˈtʲit͡ɕɪskəjə/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
0000100100
Primary stress falls on the fifth syllable: 'фи' (fi) in 'сифилитическая'.
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, vowel reduction.
Closed syllable, palatalization.
Open syllable, vowel reduction.
Closed syllable, palatalization.
Closed syllable, palatalization.
Closed syllable, palatalization.
Closed syllable, palatalization.
Open syllable, affricate.
Open syllable.
Open syllable, vowel reduction.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: противо-
Proto-Slavic origin, meaning 'against'.
Root: сифил-
From French 'syphilis', ultimately from Greek 'syphilis'.
Suffix: -итич-еск-ая
Linking and adjectival suffixes, forming a complex adjective.
Relating to the prevention or treatment of syphilis.
Translation: Anti-syphilitic
Examples:
"противосифилитическая терапия (anti-syphilitic therapy)"
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar prefix structure and suffixation.
Shares the 'противо-' prefix and complex suffixation.
Similar structure with a foreign root and suffixation.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Onset-Rime
Syllables are divided based on the onset (consonant(s) at the beginning) and rime (vowel and following consonants).
Vowel Reduction
Unstressed vowels are reduced to schwa or other reduced forms.
Palatalization
Consonants are palatalized before 'и' and other front vowels.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Vowel reduction is a key factor in accurate pronunciation and syllabification.
Palatalization of consonants before front vowels is a consistent feature.
The word's length and complex morphology require careful attention to syllable boundaries.
Summary:
The word 'противосифилитическая' is a complex Russian adjective meaning 'anti-syphilitic'. It is divided into ten syllables, with primary stress on the fifth syllable. Syllabification follows standard Russian rules of onset-rime division, vowel reduction, and palatalization. The word's morphemic structure includes a prefix, root, and multiple suffixes.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "противосифилитическая" (protivosifiliticheskaya)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "противосифилитическая" is a complex adjective in Russian, meaning "anti-syphilitic." It's a relatively long word with multiple prefixes and suffixes, typical of scientific and medical terminology in Russian. Pronunciation involves careful attention to vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, a key feature of Russian phonology.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: противо- (protivo-) - From Proto-Slavic protivo, meaning "against, opposite." Function: Denotes opposition or counteraction.
- Root: сифил- (sifil-) - From French syphilis, ultimately from Greek syphilis. Function: Indicates the disease syphilis.
- Suffix: -итич- (-itich-) - A linking suffix, often used in forming adjectives from medical terms. Origin: unclear, but common in this type of formation. Function: Connects the root to the final suffix.
- Suffix: -еск- (-esk-) - From French -esque, ultimately from Latin -iscus. Function: Forms adjectives denoting a quality or characteristic.
- Suffix: -ая (-aya) - Feminine singular adjectival ending. Function: Indicates gender and number agreement.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the fifth syllable: про-ти-во-си-фи-ли-ти-че-ска-я.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/prɐˈtʲivəsʲɪfʲɪlʲɪˈtʲit͡ɕɪskəjə/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:
| Syllable | IPA Transcription | Rule Application | Description | Exceptions/Special Cases |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| про | /prɐ/ | Onset-Rime: Consonant cluster 'pr' forms the onset, followed by the vowel 'o' forming the rime. | Open syllable. | Vowel reduction of 'o' to /ɐ/ in an unstressed position. |
| ти | /tʲɪ/ | Onset-Rime: 't' is the onset, 'и' is the rime. | Closed syllable. | Palatalization of 't' before 'и'. |
| во | /vɐ/ | Onset-Rime: 'v' is the onset, 'o' is the rime. | Open syllable. | Vowel reduction of 'o' to /ɐ/ in an unstressed position. |
| си | /sʲɪ/ | Onset-Rime: 's' is the onset, 'и' is the rime. | Closed syllable. | Palatalization of 's' before 'и'. |
| фи | /fʲɪ/ | Onset-Rime: 'f' is the onset, 'и' is the rime. | Closed syllable. | Palatalization of 'f' before 'и'. |
| ли | /lʲɪ/ | Onset-Rime: 'l' is the onset, 'и' is the rime. | Closed syllable. | Palatalization of 'l' before 'и'. |
| ти | /tʲɪ/ | Onset-Rime: 't' is the onset, 'и' is the rime. | Closed syllable. | Palatalization of 't' before 'и'. |
| че | /t͡ɕe/ | Onset-Rime: 't͡ɕ' is the onset, 'e' is the rime. | Open syllable. | Affricate 't͡ɕ' formed by palatalization and assimilation. |
| ска | /skə/ | Onset-Rime: 'sk' is the onset, 'a' is the rime. | Open syllable. | |
| я | /jə/ | Onset-Rime: 'j' is the onset, 'ə' is the rime. | Open syllable. | Vowel reduction of 'я' to /ə/ in an unstressed position. |
7. Edge Case Review:
The word doesn't present any major exceptions to standard Russian syllabification. The main challenge lies in accurately representing vowel reduction in unstressed syllables.
8. Grammatical Role:
As an adjective, the word's syllabification and stress remain consistent. If it were used as a base for a noun (e.g., "противосифилитическое средство" - anti-syphilitic remedy), the stress would remain on the same syllable.
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: противосифилитическая (protivosifiliticheskaya)
- Translation: Anti-syphilitic
- Part of Speech: Adjective
- Synonyms: None readily available (highly specific medical term)
- Antonyms: None readily available (highly specific medical term)
- Examples: "противосифилитическая терапия" (anti-syphilitic therapy), "противосифилитическое лекарство" (anti-syphilitic medication).
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
Minor regional variations in vowel reduction might occur, but the core syllabification remains consistent.
11. Phonological Comparison:
| Word | Syllables | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| антибиотик (antibiotik) | ан-ти-би-о-тик | Similar structure with prefixes and suffixes. Stress pattern is also comparable. |
| противовоспалительный (protivovospalitel'nyy) | про-ти-во-во-спа-ли-тель-ный | Shares the "противо-" prefix and a similar complex suffix structure. |
| бактерицидный (bakteritsidnyy) | бак-те-ри-цид-ный | Similar in having a root borrowed from another language (bacteria) and a complex suffix structure. |
These comparisons demonstrate the consistent application of Russian syllabification rules to words with similar morphological structures. The presence of prefixes, roots from foreign languages, and multiple suffixes doesn't alter the fundamental principles of syllable division.
The hottest word splits in Russian
See what terms are trending and getting hyphenated by users right now.
- скаредничавшая
- фотосопротивлении
- фотосопротивление
- фотоснимок
- скаредничавшего
- предводительствовало
- фотоприёмника
- фотосопротивлений
- фотосопротивлением
- фотоприёмникам
- предводительствовала
- предводительствовали
- предводительством
- скаредничавшей
- скаредничавшему
- силицидами
- предводительствовать
- скаредничавшее
- фотоприёмнике
- предводительству
What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of dividing words across lines in print or on websites. It involves inserting hyphens (-) where a word breaks to continue on the next line.
Proper hyphenation improves readability by reducing the unevenness of word spacing and unnecessary large gaps. It also helps avoid confusion that may occur when part of a word carries over. Ideal hyphenation should break words according to pronunciation and syllables. Most word processors and publishing apps have automated tools to handle hyphenation effectively based on language rules and dictionaries. Though subtle, proper hyphenation improves overall typography and reading comfort.