Hyphenation ofпротивовоспалительный
Syllable Division:
про-ти-во-во-спа-ли-тель-ный
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/prɐtʲɪvɐvɐˈspalʲɪtʲɪlʲnɨj/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
0000010
Primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable ('ли́' in 'спа-ли́').
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, vowel reduction.
Closed syllable, palatalization.
Open syllable, vowel reduction.
Open syllable.
Closed syllable, palatalization.
Closed syllable, double palatalization.
Closed syllable, reduced vowel.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: противо-
From Proto-Slavic *protivo*, meaning 'against'. Indicates opposition.
Root: воспал-
From Proto-Slavic *vъsplaniti*, meaning 'to inflame'. Core meaning related to inflammation.
Suffix: -ый
Adjectival ending, grammatical gender and case marking.
Relating to the prevention or reduction of inflammation.
Translation: Anti-inflammatory
Examples:
"противовоспалительное средство"
"противовоспалительный эффект"
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar complex structure with consonant clusters and suffixes.
Shares the characteristic of long sequences of consonants and vowels.
Demonstrates similar syllabification patterns with prefixes, roots, and suffixes.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Onset-Rime
Syllables are divided based on the onset (consonant(s) at the beginning) and rime (vowel and any following consonants).
Vowel Reduction
Unstressed vowels are reduced to schwa-like sounds (/ɐ/ or /ɨ/).
Palatalization
Consonants are palatalized before vowels 'i', 'e', 'ё', 'ю', 'я'.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Vowel reduction is a significant factor in pronunciation and syllable perception.
Consonant clusters are common and do not pose exceptional syllabification challenges.
Palatalization affects consonant pronunciation and syllable structure.
Summary:
The word 'противовоспалительный' is a complex Russian adjective meaning 'anti-inflammatory'. It is syllabified into eight syllables based on onset-rime structure, with primary stress on the penultimate syllable. Vowel reduction and palatalization are key phonological features influencing pronunciation. The word's morphemic structure consists of a prefix, root, and two suffixes.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "противовоспалительный" (protivovospalitel'nyy)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "противовоспалительный" (protivovospalitel'nyy) is a complex adjective meaning "anti-inflammatory." It's characterized by a long sequence of consonants and vowels, typical of Russian morphology. Pronunciation involves careful attention to vowel reduction in unstressed syllables.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: противо- (protivo-) - From Proto-Slavic protivo, meaning "against," "opposed to." Function: Indicates opposition or counteraction.
- Root: воспал- (vospal-) - From Proto-Slavic vъsplaniti, meaning "to inflame." Function: Core meaning related to inflammation.
- Suffix: -ительн- (-itel'n-) - A suffix forming adjectives denoting a quality or capability related to the root. Origin: Slavic. Function: Adjectival formation.
- Suffix: -ый (-yy) - A common adjectival ending. Function: Grammatical gender and case marking.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: про-ти-во-во-спа-ли́-тель-ный.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/prɐtʲɪvɐvɐˈspalʲɪtʲɪlʲnɨj/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:
Syllable | IPA Transcription | Rule Application | Description | Exceptions/Special Cases |
---|---|---|---|---|
про | /prɐ/ | Onset-Rime: Consonant cluster 'pr' forms the onset, followed by the vowel 'o' forming the rime. | Open syllable. | Vowel reduction of 'o' to /ɐ/ in unstressed position. |
ти | /tʲɪ/ | Onset-Rime: Consonant 't' (palatalized due to following 'i') forms the onset, followed by the vowel 'i' forming the rime. | Closed syllable. | Palatalization of 't' before 'i'. |
во | /vɐ/ | Onset-Rime: Consonant 'v' forms the onset, followed by the vowel 'o' forming the rime. | Open syllable. | Vowel reduction of 'o' to /ɐ/ in unstressed position. |
спа | /spɐ/ | Onset-Rime: Consonant cluster 'sp' forms the onset, followed by the vowel 'a' forming the rime. | Open syllable. | |
ли | /lʲɪ/ | Onset-Rime: Consonant 'l' (palatalized due to following 'i') forms the onset, followed by the vowel 'i' forming the rime. | Closed syllable. | Palatalization of 'l' before 'i'. |
тель | /tʲɪlʲ/ | Onset-Rime: Consonant cluster 'tʲlʲ' forms the onset, followed by the vowel 'e' forming the rime. | Closed syllable. | Palatalization of both 't' and 'l'. |
ный | /nɨj/ | Onset-Rime: Consonant 'n' forms the onset, followed by the vowel 'ы' and glide 'j' forming the rime. | Closed syllable. | 'ы' is a reduced vowel. |
7. Edge Case Review:
The long consonant clusters (e.g., 'pr', 'sp', 'tʲlʲ') are common in Russian and don't present exceptional syllabification challenges. Vowel reduction is a key factor in pronunciation and affects syllable perception.
8. Grammatical Role:
As an adjective, the word's syllabification and stress remain consistent across different grammatical cases and genders.
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: противовоспалительный (protivovospalitel'nyy)
- Translation: Anti-inflammatory
- Part of Speech: Adjective
- Synonyms: обезболивающий (obezbolivayushchiy - analgesic), жаропонижающий (zharoponizhayushchiy - antipyretic)
- Antonyms: воспалительный (vospalitel'nyy - inflammatory)
- Examples:
- "противовоспалительное средство" (protivovospalitel'noye sredstvo) - anti-inflammatory drug
- "противовоспалительный эффект" (protivovospalitel'nyy effekt) - anti-inflammatory effect
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed above, some regional variations might exhibit slight differences in vowel reduction or palatalization. However, these variations generally don't alter the syllable division.
11. Phonological Comparison:
Word | Syllables | Reason |
---|---|---|
водопроводный (vodoprovodnyy) - water supply | во-до-про-вод-ный | Similar complex structure with consonant clusters and suffixes. Stress pattern is also on the penultimate syllable. |
электростанция (elektrostantsiya) - power station | э-лек-тро-стан-ци-я | Shares the characteristic of long sequences of consonants and vowels. |
социалистический (sotsialisticheskiy) - socialist | со-ци-а-лис-ти-че-ский | Demonstrates similar syllabification patterns with prefixes, roots, and suffixes. |
These comparisons demonstrate the consistency of Russian syllabification rules, even with complex words. The primary difference lies in the specific consonant and vowel sequences, but the underlying principles of onset-rime division remain the same.
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