Hyphenation ofультрацентрифугированию

Linguistic Analysis of "ультрацентрифугированию" (Russian)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "ультрацентрифугированию" is a complex noun formed through extensive derivation. It's pronounced with a relatively even stress distribution, though the primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable. The word is a gerundive (verbal adverb) indicating the action of subjecting something to ultracentrifugation.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize vowel-centric syllables and consider consonant clusters, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):

у-льтра-цен-три-фу-ги-ро-ва-ни-ю

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• ультра- (ultra-): Prefix of Latin origin, meaning "beyond" or "extremely." Functions as an intensifier.
• центрифуг- (centrifug-): Root of Latin origin (from centrifugus), meaning "centrifugal." Denotes the process of separation using centrifugal force.
• -и- (-i-): Linking vowel, common in Russian derivations.
• -рова- (-rova-): Part of the suffix derived from the verb "вращать" (to rotate), indicating the action of rotating.
• -ни- (-ni-): Part of the suffix forming the gerundive (verbal adverb).
• -ю (-yu): Case ending (dative/instrumental singular), indicating the object or means of the action.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: ультра-цен-три-фу-ги-ро-ва-ни-ю.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/ʊlʲtrɐ t͡sʲen trʲɪ fʊɡʲɪ ɾɐˈvanʲɪjʊ/

6. Edge Case Review:

Russian syllabification generally avoids breaking up consonant clusters unless they are particularly complex or involve sonorants. This word contains several consonant clusters, but they are handled according to standard rules. The 'ц' sound is treated as a single unit.

7. Grammatical Role:

The word is primarily a gerundive (verbal adverb) in the dative/instrumental case. The syllabification remains consistent regardless of its grammatical function within a sentence.

8. Definition & Semantics:

• Definition: The action of subjecting something to ultracentrifugation.
• Translation: Ultracentrifugation (as a process).
• Grammatical Category: Noun (gerundive)
• Synonyms: (None readily available, as it's a highly specific technical term)
• Antonyms: (None readily available)
• Examples:
  • "Образец подвергся ультрацентрифугированию." (The sample was subjected to ultracentrifugation.)

9. Phonological Comparison:

• автомобиль (avtomobil'): ав-то-мо-биль. Similar syllable structure with consonant clusters.
• телевидение (televideniye): те-ле-ви-де-ни-е. Demonstrates vowel-centric syllabification.
• информация (informatsiya): ин-фор-ма-ци-я. Shows how consonant clusters are handled.

The differences in syllable division arise from the specific arrangement of vowels and consonants in each word. "ультрацентрифугированию" has a longer sequence of vowels and consonants, leading to a more complex syllable structure.

Detailed Syllable Analysis:

Division Rules Applied:

• Vowel-Centric Rule: Syllables are generally formed around vowels.
• Consonant Cluster Rule: Consonant clusters are maintained unless they are exceptionally complex.
• Palatalization Rule: Consonants preceding soft vowels (е, ё, и, ю, я) are palatalized.
• Affricate Rule: Affricates (ц, ч, щ) are treated as single units.
• Initial Syllable Rule: The first syllable often starts with a consonant.
• Final Syllable Rule: The final syllable often ends with a vowel.

Special Considerations:

• The extensive derivation of the word makes it a complex case, but the standard syllabification rules still apply.
• The presence of multiple consonant clusters requires careful application of the consonant cluster rule.
• Palatalization plays a significant role in syllable formation.

Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, slight variations in vowel reduction in unstressed syllables might occur depending on the speaker's dialect. However, these variations do not significantly affect the syllable division.

Short Analysis:

The word "ультрацентрифугированию" is a complex Russian noun denoting the action of ultracentrifugation. It is syllabified as у-льтра-цен-три-фу-ги-ро-ва-ни-ю, with primary stress on the penultimate syllable. The syllabification follows standard Russian rules prioritizing vowel-centric syllables and considering consonant clusters, with palatalization influencing consonant sounds. The word's morphemic structure reveals its Latin origins and complex derivation.