Hyphenation ofэлектроретинограммою
Syllable Division:
э-лек-тро-ре-ти-но-грам-мо-ю
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/ɪlʲɪktrɐrʲɪtʲɪnɐˈɡramːəjʊ/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
000000101
Primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable ('грам').
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial vowel.
Closed syllable, palatalized consonant.
Open syllable, consonant cluster.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant.
Open syllable.
Closed syllable, long consonant.
Open syllable.
Closed syllable, vowel reduction.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: элек-
From Greek 'elektron' (ἤλεκτρον) meaning amber, related to electricity.
Root: ретино-
From Latin 'retina' meaning net, referring to the retina of the eye.
Suffix: -грамм-
From Greek 'gramma' (γράμμα) meaning letter, record.
A diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity of the retina in response to light.
Translation: Electroretinogram
Examples:
"Врач назначил проведение электроретинограммы."
"Результаты электроретинограммы показали изменения в сетчатке."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Shares the '-грамма' suffix and a similar compound structure.
Shares the '-грамма' suffix and a similar compound structure.
Contains multiple syllables and consonant clusters, but lacks the complex inflectional suffix.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Sonority Hierarchy
Syllables are formed around a vowel nucleus, with consonants grouped according to their sonority. Consonants are grouped to maximize the sonority peak within each syllable.
Avoidance of Initial Consonant Clusters
Russian generally avoids starting a syllable with a consonant cluster, though exceptions exist. Syllable boundaries are placed to minimize initial consonant clusters.
Vowel Reduction
Unstressed vowels are often reduced in pronunciation, affecting the phonetic transcription but not the orthographic syllable division.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
The presence of multiple consonant clusters requires careful application of the sonority hierarchy.
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a common phenomenon in Russian pronunciation.
The inflectional suffix '-му' influences the final syllable and its phonetic realization.
Summary:
The word 'электроретинограммою' is a complex Russian noun denoting an electroretinogram. It is divided into nine syllables based on the sonority hierarchy and avoidance of initial consonant clusters. The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable. The word's morphemic structure reveals its Greek and Latin origins, and its syllabification is consistent with standard Russian phonological rules.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "электроретинограммою" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "электроретинограммою" is a complex noun in Russian, denoting an electroretinogram. It's a highly specialized medical term. Pronunciation involves a series of consonant clusters and vowel reductions typical of Russian.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize the sonority hierarchy and avoidance of syllable-initial consonant clusters (with exceptions), the word breaks down as follows (see "syllable_division" in the JSON output).
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: элек- (elek-) - From Greek "elektron" (ἤλεκτρον) meaning amber, referring to electricity. Function: Forms a compound word related to electricity.
- Root: ретино- (retino-) - From Latin "retina" meaning net, referring to the retina of the eye. Function: Indicates the part of the eye being examined.
- Suffix: -грамм- (-gramm-) - From Greek "gramma" (γράμμα) meaning letter, record. Function: Indicates a recording or tracing.
- Suffix: -о- (-o-) - Connective vowel. Function: Links the root and the final inflectional suffix.
- Suffix: -му (-mu) - Dative/Instrumental singular inflectional ending for feminine nouns. Function: Indicates grammatical case and number.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: э-лек-тро-ре-ти-но-гра́м-мо-ю.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/ɪlʲɪktrɐrʲɪtʲɪnɐˈɡramːəjʊ/
6. Edge Case Review:
The word contains several consonant clusters, which are common in Russian but require careful consideration during syllabification. The vowel /o/ before the final suffix is often reduced to /ə/ in unstressed positions.
7. Grammatical Role:
The word is a noun. Its syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function within a sentence (e.g., subject, object). However, the inflectional suffix changes based on case, number, and gender, which would affect the final syllable.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: Электроретинограмма (Elektroretinogramma) is a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity of the retina in response to light.
- Translation: Electroretinogram
- Grammatical Category: Noun (feminine, singular)
- Synonyms: None readily available (highly specialized term).
- Antonyms: N/A
- Examples:
- "Врач назначил проведение электроретинограммы." (The doctor ordered an electroretinogram.)
- "Результаты электроретинограммы показали изменения в сетчатке." (The results of the electroretinogram showed changes in the retina.)
9. Phonological Comparison:
- телеграмма (telegrámma): te-le-grám-ma. Similar syllable structure with a compound root and the "-грамма" suffix. Stress falls on the penultimate syllable.
- фотограмметрия (fo-to-gram-me-tri-ya): fo-to-gram-me-tri-ya. Shares the "-грамма" suffix and a similar compound structure. Stress pattern is different.
- кинематограф (ki-ne-ma-to-graf): ki-ne-ma-to-graf. Contains multiple syllables and consonant clusters, but lacks the complex inflectional suffix. Stress pattern is different.
The differences in stress patterns and syllable counts are due to the varying lengths and complexities of the root morphemes.
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Hyphenation is the process of dividing words across lines in print or on websites. It involves inserting hyphens (-) where a word breaks to continue on the next line.
Proper hyphenation improves readability by reducing the unevenness of word spacing and unnecessary large gaps. It also helps avoid confusion that may occur when part of a word carries over. Ideal hyphenation should break words according to pronunciation and syllables. Most word processors and publishing apps have automated tools to handle hyphenation effectively based on language rules and dictionaries. Though subtle, proper hyphenation improves overall typography and reading comfort.