Hyphenation ofquatre-vingt-dix
Syllable Division:
qu-a-tre-vint-dix
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/katʁə vɛ̃t di/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
00100
Primary stress falls on the syllable 'vint' (vingt).
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial consonant.
Open syllable, vowel sound.
Closed syllable, consonant cluster 'tr' followed by schwa.
Closed syllable, nasal vowel.
Open syllable, simple vowel-consonant structure.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix:
Root: quatre, vingt, dix
Latin origins, representing 'four', 'twenty', and 'ten' respectively.
Suffix:
Ninety
Translation: Ninety
Examples:
"Il a quatre-vingt-dix ans."
"J'ai acheté quatre-vingt-dix pommes."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Vowel-Centric Syllabification
French syllables are generally built around vowel sounds. Each vowel typically forms the nucleus of a syllable.
Consonant Cluster Handling
Consonant clusters are permitted within syllables, particularly at the beginning or end.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Regional variations using 'nonante' instead of 'quatre-vingt-dix'.
Silent 'e' at the end of 'quatre' influencing syllable structure.
Liaison in connected speech does not alter the underlying syllabification.
Summary:
The word 'quatre-vingt-dix' (ninety) is divided into five syllables: qu-a-tre-vint-dix. It's a compound numeral with Latin origins. Stress falls on 'vint'. Syllabification follows vowel-centric rules, allowing consonant clusters. Regional variations exist with the use of 'nonante'.
Detailed Analysis:
Analysis of "quatre-vingt-dix" (French)
1. Pronunciation: The word "quatre-vingt-dix" is pronounced approximately as /katʁə vɛ̃t di/ (though variations exist, see section 10).
2. Syllable Division: The syllable division, adhering to the rule of dividing around vowels, is as follows (using only the original letters):
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- quatre: From Old French quatre, from Latin quattuor ("four"). Numerical adjective.
- vingt: From Old French vint, from Latin viginti ("twenty"). Numerical adjective.
- dix: From Old French diz, from Latin decem ("ten"). Numerical adjective.
The word is a compound numeral, historically representing "four twenties ten" (4 x 20 + 10 = 90).
4. Stress Identification: The primary stress falls on vingt.
5. Phonetic Transcription: /katʁə vɛ̃t di/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
- quatre: /katʁə/ - Syllable division: qu-a-tre. Rule: Open syllable after 'a'. 'tr' forms a consonant cluster within the syllable. Exception: The 'e' is often silent, but contributes to the syllable structure.
- vingt: /vɛ̃t/ - Syllable division: vint. Rule: Vowel 'i' followed by consonant cluster 'nt' forms a closed syllable. Nasal vowel /ɛ̃/.
- dix: /di/ - Syllable division: dix. Rule: Simple vowel-consonant structure forms an open syllable.
7. Edge Case Review: French syllable structure is generally vowel-centric. Consonant clusters are tolerated, especially at the end of syllables. Liaison (linking of final consonants to initial vowels) can occur in connected speech, but doesn't affect the underlying syllabification.
8. Grammatical Role: "Quatre-vingt-dix" functions as a cardinal numeral (adjective). Syllabification remains consistent regardless of its grammatical function within a sentence.
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: Ninety
- Part of Speech: Cardinal numeral (adjective)
- Translation: Ninety
- Synonyms: nonante (used in some French-speaking regions)
- Antonyms: quatre-vingt-onze (ninety-one), quatre-vingt-neuf (eighty-nine)
- Examples:
- "Il a quatre-vingt-dix ans." (He is ninety years old.)
- "J'ai acheté quatre-vingt-dix pommes." (I bought ninety apples.)
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations: In some regions (e.g., Belgium, Switzerland), "nonante" is used instead of "quatre-vingt-dix". This changes the syllabification to "no-nan-te". The pronunciation of "quatre" can also vary, sometimes with a more pronounced 'r' sound.
11. Phonological Comparison:
- trente: (thirty) - tr-en-te. Similar consonant clusters at the beginning of the first syllable.
- soixante: (sixty) - so-ix-an-te. Multiple syllables, vowel-centric structure.
- cinquante: (fifty) - cin-quan-te. Similar structure to "quatre-vingt-dix" with consonant clusters.
The syllable structure in all these words is consistent with French phonological rules, prioritizing vowel sounds and allowing consonant clusters within syllables. The main difference lies in the specific consonant clusters and vowel sounds present in each word.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.