Hyphenation ofinsensibilizar-lhe-ia

Linguistic Analysis of "insensibilizar-lhe-ia" (Portuguese)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "insensibilizar-lhe-ia" is a complex verb form in Portuguese, specifically the conditional tense, third person singular. It's formed by combining the verb "sensibilizar" (to sensitize, to make aware) with the prefix "in-", the clitic pronoun "lhe" (to him/her/it), and the conditional ending "-ia". Pronunciation involves a relatively standard Portuguese phoneme inventory, with nasal vowels and palatalization potentially occurring.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Portuguese syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: in- (Latin origin, negating prefix, meaning "not"). Morphological function: negation.
• Root: sensibil- (Latin sensibilis, related to sensus - sense, feeling). Morphological function: core meaning of the verb.
• Suffix: -izar (Latin -izare, verb-forming suffix). Morphological function: creates a verb from a noun or adjective.
• Clitic Pronoun: lhe- (Portuguese pronoun, dative or indirect object). Morphological function: indicates the recipient of the action.
• Conditional Ending: -ia (Portuguese verb ending, conditional tense, 3rd person singular). Morphological function: indicates conditional mood and person/number.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable of the verb stem, "bi". This is due to the general rule that words ending in a vowel (including the conditional ending "-ia") are stressed on the second-to-last syllable.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/ĩ.sẽ.si.bi.li.zaɾ.ʎɨ.ɐ/

6. Edge Case Review:

The combination of the verb stem, clitic pronoun, and conditional ending presents a typical complexity in Portuguese verb conjugation. The pronunciation of "lhe" can vary regionally, sometimes becoming /ʎə/ or /lɨ/. The final "-ia" is a weak vowel and can be reduced in rapid speech.

7. Grammatical Role:

The word is exclusively a verb form. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its function within a sentence.

8. Definition & Semantics:

• Definition: To make insensitive, to desensitize, to numb (emotionally or psychologically).
• Translation: To desensitize him/her/it.
• Grammatical Category: Verb (conditional tense, 3rd person singular).
• Synonyms: entorpecer, anestesiar (emotionally), embotar.
• Antonyms: sensibilizar, despertar (to awaken).
• Examples:
  • "A tragédia não o insensibilizar-lhe-ia completamente." (The tragedy wouldn't completely desensitize him.)
  • "A repetição da violência pode insensibilizar-lhe-ia à dor dos outros." (The repetition of violence can desensitize him to the pain of others.)

9. Phonological Comparison:

• sensibilizar: sěn.si.bi.li.zaɾ (5 syllables) - Similar structure, stress on the penultimate syllable of the stem.
• desensibilizar: dẽ.sẽ.si.bi.li.zaɾ (6 syllables) - Added prefix "des-", follows the same syllabification pattern.
• civilizar: si.vi.li.zaɾ (4 syllables) - Similar ending "-izar", stress pattern consistent.

The differences in syllable count are due to the addition of prefixes and the clitic pronoun in "insensibilizar-lhe-ia". The core syllabic structure of the root "sensibil-" remains consistent.

10. Division Rules:

• Rule 1: Vowel-Initial Syllables: Each vowel generally begins a new syllable. (e.g., "in-sen-si-bi-li-zar")
• Rule 2: Consonant Clusters: Consonant clusters are broken according to sonority, with the more sonorous sound typically forming the syllable onset. (e.g., "sen-si-bi-li-zar")
• Rule 3: Final Vowel: Words ending in a vowel are stressed on the penultimate syllable.
• Rule 4: Clitic Pronouns: Clitic pronouns are generally treated as a separate syllable. (e.g., "lhe")

11. Special Considerations:

The presence of the clitic pronoun "lhe" requires careful consideration. It's treated as a separate syllable, even though it's enclitic (attached to the verb). The nasal vowels /ĩ/ and /ẽ/ require specific phonetic realization.

12. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

Regional variations in the pronunciation of "lhe" (e.g., /ʎə/ vs. /lɨ/) could slightly affect the perceived syllable boundaries, but not the fundamental syllabification.