Hyphenation ofinsensibilizar-lhe-iam

Linguistic Analysis of "insensibilizar-lhe-iam" (Portuguese)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "insensibilizar-lhe-iam" is a complex verb form in Portuguese, derived from the verb "sensibilizar" (to sensitize, to make aware). It's the future subjunctive of the verb conjugated with a clitic pronoun and a personal ending. Pronunciation involves a series of vowel and consonant sounds typical of Portuguese, with nasal vowels and potential palatalization of /l/ before /i/.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Portuguese syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: in- (Latin) - negating prefix, meaning "not".
• Root: sensibil- (Latin sensibilis) - relating to sensation or feeling.
• Suffix: -izar (Latin -izare) - verb-forming suffix, indicating to make or cause to be.
• Clitic Pronoun: lhe- (Portuguese) - dative or indirect object pronoun, meaning "to him/her/it/you (formal)".
• Personal Ending: -iam (Portuguese) - future subjunctive ending for the 3rd person plural.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable of the verb stem, "sen-si-bi-li-zar". However, the clitic pronoun and personal ending influence the overall prosodic contour.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/ĩ.sẽ.si.bi.li.zaɾ.ʎɨ̃.ɐ̃w̃/

6. Edge Case Review:

The presence of the clitic pronoun "lhe" attached to the verb stem introduces a potential point of ambiguity in syllabification. However, Portuguese generally treats clitic pronouns as forming a separate prosodic unit, but still linked to the verb. The nasal vowels /ẽ/ and /ɐ̃/ are common in Portuguese and require careful transcription. The palatalization of /l/ before /i/ to [ʎ] is a common feature in many Portuguese dialects.

7. Grammatical Role:

The word is a verb form (future subjunctive). Syllabification remains consistent regardless of the verb's tense or mood.

8. Definition & Semantics:

• Definition: To make insensitive, to desensitize.
• Translation: To desensitize, to make unfeeling.
• Grammatical Category: Verb (Future Subjunctive)
• Synonyms: entorpecer, anestesiar (to numb), insensibilizar (itself)
• Antonyms: sensibilizar (to sensitize), despertar (to awaken)
• Examples:
  • "Eles esperavam insensibilizar-lhe-iam a dor." (They hoped to desensitize him/her to the pain.)

9. Phonological Comparison:

• sensibilizar: sen-si-bi-li-zar (similar syllable structure, stress on the final syllable of the root)
• desensibilizar: de-sen-si-bi-li-zar (addition of a prefix, maintaining the core syllable structure)
• civilizar: ci-vi-li-zar (similar -izar suffix, different root, but comparable syllable division)

The differences in syllable division are primarily due to the prefixes and clitic pronouns, which add syllables to the base form. The core syllable structure of the root remains consistent.

10. Division Rules:

• Rule 1: Vowel Grouping: Vowels within a syllable are grouped together (e.g., "sen" in "insensibilizar").
• Rule 2: Consonant Cluster: Consonant clusters are broken according to sonority, with the most sonorous sound typically forming the syllable onset (e.g., "bi" in "insensibilizar").
• Rule 3: Open Syllables: Syllables ending in vowels are considered open syllables.
• Rule 4: Closed Syllables: Syllables ending in consonants are considered closed syllables.
• Rule 5: Clitic Pronoun Attachment: Clitic pronouns are generally treated as a separate syllable, but attached to the verb.

11. Special Considerations:

The word is relatively complex due to the combination of prefix, root, suffix, clitic pronoun, and personal ending. The syllabification must account for all these elements while adhering to Portuguese phonological rules. Regional variations in pronunciation (e.g., palatalization of /l/) might affect the phonetic realization of the syllables, but not the underlying syllabic structure.

12. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

In some Brazilian Portuguese dialects, the final "-m" in "-iam" might be reduced or elided, affecting the pronunciation of the final syllable. However, the syllabification remains the same.