Hyphenation ofэлектронно-вычислительный
Syllable Division:
э-ле-кт-рон-но-вы-чи-сли-тель-ный
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/ɪlʲɪkˈtronːə vɨt͡ɕɪˈslʲitʲɪlʲnɨj/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
0001000101
Primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable ('-тель-').
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, single vowel.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant onset.
Closed syllable, consonant cluster onset.
Closed syllable, geminated consonant, vowel reduction.
Open syllable, vowel reduction.
Open syllable.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant onset.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant onset.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant onset.
Open syllable, vowel reduction.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: электронно-
Derived from 'электрон' (electron), Greek origin, indicates relating to electronics.
Root: вычисли-
Derived from 'вычислить' (to compute), Proto-Slavic origin, core meaning of computation.
Suffix: -тельный
Proto-Slavic origin, forms an adjective from a verb.
Relating to electronic computing or calculation.
Translation: Electronic computing, electronic calculating.
Examples:
"электронно-вычислительная машина"
"электронно-вычислительные системы"
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar open syllable structure and vowel reduction.
Similar consonant clusters and stress pattern.
Complex structure with multiple syllables and vowel reduction.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Sonority Hierarchy
Syllables are formed to maximize sonority, avoiding consonant clusters at syllable boundaries where possible.
Onset-Rime
Each syllable consists of an onset (initial consonant(s)) and a rime (vowel and any following consonants).
Vowel Reduction
Unstressed vowels are reduced to schwa-like sounds (/ə/ or /ɪ/).
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
The hyphen (-) indicates a morphemic boundary, not a syllable boundary.
Vowel reduction significantly affects the phonetic realization of syllables.
Palatalization of consonants before front vowels.
Summary:
The word 'электронно-вычислительный' is a complex Russian adjective syllabified based on sonority, onset-rime structure, and vowel reduction. It consists of a prefix, root, and suffix, and the primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable. The syllabification follows standard Russian phonological rules, with considerations for consonant clusters and vowel reduction.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "электронно-вычислительный" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "электронно-вычислительный" (elektronno-vychislitel'nyy) is a complex adjective meaning "electronic computing" or "electronic calculating." It's formed through compounding and derivation. Pronunciation involves careful attention to vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, a common feature of Russian phonology.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize the sonority hierarchy and avoidance of consonant clusters at syllable boundaries, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- электронно- (elektronno-): Prefix derived from "электрон" (elektron) - "electron," ultimately from Greek "ἤλεκτρον" (ḗlektron) meaning "amber." Function: Indicates relating to electronics.
- вычисли- (vychisli-): Root derived from "вычислить" (vychislit') - "to compute," from "вы-“ (vy-) – prefix meaning “out, from” and “числить” (chislit’) – “to count, enumerate”, from Proto-Slavic *čьsliti. Function: Core meaning of computation.
- -тельный (-tel'nyy): Suffix. Derived from Proto-Slavic -telьnъ. Function: Forms an adjective from a verb, indicating capability or relation to the action.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: вы-чис-ли́-тель-ный.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/ɪlʲɪkˈtronːə vɨt͡ɕɪˈslʲitʲɪlʲnɨj/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:
| Syllable | IPA Transcription | Rule(s) Applied | Description | Exceptions/Special Cases |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| э | /ɪ/ | Onset-Rime | Open syllable. Single vowel constitutes the entire syllable. | Vowel reduction in unstressed position. |
| ле | /lʲe/ | Onset-Rime | Open syllable. Consonant 'л' (l) as onset, vowel 'е' (e) as rime. | Palatalization of 'л' before 'е'. |
| кт | /k͡t/ | Onset-Rime | Closed syllable. Consonant cluster 'кт' (kt) as onset, vowel 'о' (o) as rime. | Consonant cluster is permissible at the beginning of a syllable. |
| рон | /ronːə/ | Onset-Rime | Closed syllable. Consonant 'р' (r) as onset, vowel 'о' (o) as rime, 'н' (n) as coda. | Gemination of 'р' due to stress. Vowel reduction. |
| но | /nə/ | Onset-Rime | Open syllable. Consonant 'н' (n) as onset, vowel 'о' (o) as rime. | Vowel reduction. |
| вы | /vɨ/ | Onset-Rime | Open syllable. Consonant 'в' (v) as onset, vowel 'ы' (ɨ) as rime. | |
| чи | /t͡ɕi/ | Onset-Rime | Open syllable. Consonant cluster 'ч' (ch) as onset, vowel 'и' (i) as rime. | Palatalization of 'ч'. |
| сли | /slʲi/ | Onset-Rime | Open syllable. Consonant cluster 'сл' (sl) as onset, vowel 'и' (i) as rime. | Palatalization of 'л'. |
| тель | /tʲelʲ/ | Onset-Rime | Open syllable. Consonant 'т' (t) as onset, vowel 'е' (e) as rime, 'ль' (l') as coda. | Palatalization of 'т'. |
| ный | /nɨj/ | Onset-Rime | Open syllable. Consonant 'н' (n) as onset, vowel 'ы' (ɨ) as rime, 'й' (j) as coda. | Vowel reduction. |
7. Exceptions & Special Cases (Word-Level):
The compound nature of the word introduces complexity. The hyphen (-) doesn't represent a syllable boundary but a morphemic boundary. Vowel reduction is significant in unstressed syllables, altering the phonetic realization of vowels.
8. Grammatical Role & Syllabification:
The word primarily functions as an adjective. If used as part of a noun phrase, the syllabification remains the same.
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Part of Speech: Adjective
- Definitions:
- Definition: Relating to electronic computing or calculation.
- Translation: Electronic computing, electronic calculating.
- Synonyms: электронный (electronic), вычислительный (computing)
- Antonyms: механический (mechanical), ручной (manual)
- Examples: "электронно-вычислительная машина" (electronic computing machine), "электронно-вычислительные системы" (electronic computing systems).
10. Alternative Pronunciations & Regional Variations:
Regional variations in vowel reduction might exist, but the core syllabification remains consistent.
11. Phonological Comparison:
| Word | Syllables | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| телефон (telephone) | те-ле-фон | Similar open syllable structure, vowel reduction in unstressed syllables. |
| компьютер (computer) | ком-пью-тер | Similar consonant clusters at syllable onsets, stress pattern. |
| информация (information) | ин-фор-ма-ци-я | Similar complex structure with multiple syllables, vowel reduction. |
The syllable structure in "электронно-вычислительный" is consistent with these words, demonstrating the typical patterns of Russian syllabification. The presence of consonant clusters and vowel reduction are common features.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.