Hyphenation ofвоздухонепроницаемого

Linguistic Analysis of "воздухонепроницаемого" (Russian)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "воздухонепроницаемого" is a long, complex adjective meaning "airtight" or "impermeable to air." Its pronunciation involves a series of consonant clusters and vowel reductions typical of Russian.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize the open syllable principle (attempting to create CV syllables), and considering sonority hierarchies, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: воз- (voz-) - From the preposition "воз-" meaning "up," "out," or "away." It indicates a direction or result.
• Root: дух- (dukh-) - Root meaning "air," "spirit," or "breath." Origin: Proto-Slavic *duxъ.
• Interfix: -о- (-o-) - Connects the root to the following part.
• Root: про- (pro-) - Prefix meaning "through," "completely," or "intensive."
• Root: ниц- (nits-) - Root meaning "not permeable".
• Suffix: -аем- (-aem-) - Present active participle suffix.
• Suffix: -ого (-ogo) - Genitive singular masculine/neuter adjective ending.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: воз-ду-хо-не-про-ни́-ца-е-мо-го.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/vɐzduxɐnʲɪprɐˈnʲit͡səɪməvəɡə/

6. Edge Case Review:

Russian syllabification can be tricky with consonant clusters. The rule of maximizing open syllables is key. Vowel reduction (akan'ye and ikan'ye) also affects pronunciation but doesn't change the orthographic syllable division.

7. Grammatical Role:

The word is an adjective in the genitive singular masculine/neuter form. Syllabification remains consistent regardless of case or gender.

8. Definition & Semantics:

• Definition: Не пропускающий воздух; герметичный (not letting air through; airtight).
• Translation: Airtight, impermeable to air.
• Grammatical Category: Adjective
• Synonyms: герметичный (germetichnyy), непроницаемый (nepronitsayemyy)
• Antonyms: проницаемый (pronitsayemyy), пористый (poristy)
• Examples:
  • "Воздухонепроницаемая упаковка" - "Airtight packaging."
  • "Воздухонепроницаемый контейнер" - "An airtight container."

9. Phonological Comparison:

• воздухоплавательный (vozdukhoplavatel'nyy): "airborne" - во-зду-хо-пла-ва-тель-ный. Similar initial syllable structure.
• безопасность (bezopasnost'): "safety" - бе-зо-пас-ность. Shares the "bez-" prefix structure.
• непроницаемость (nepronitsayemost'): "impermeability" - не-про-ни-ца-е-мость. Shares the "nepronitsa-" root.

The differences in syllable division arise from the varying consonant clusters and vowel patterns within each word. The principle of maximizing open syllables still applies, but the specific points of division shift based on the phonological context.

10. Division Rules:

• Rule 1: Open Syllable Preference: Russian favors CV syllables. Consonants are generally assigned to the following vowel.
• Rule 2: Sonority Hierarchy: When consonant clusters occur, consonants are divided based on their sonority (vowels > liquids > nasals > fricatives > stops).
• Rule 3: Prefix/Suffix Boundaries: Prefixes and suffixes generally form separate syllables.

11. Special Considerations:

The "о" vowel in the root "дух-" can undergo reduction to /ɐ/ in unstressed positions. This doesn't affect the orthographic syllable division. The consonant cluster "нп" is a relatively common occurrence in Russian and is divided according to the open syllable principle.

12. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, some regional variations in vowel reduction might occur. However, these variations do not significantly alter the syllable division.