Hyphenation ofвоздухонепроницаемою

Linguistic Analysis of "воздухонепроницаемою" (Russian)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "воздухонепроницаемою" is a long, complex adjective in Russian, meaning "airtight" or "impermeable to air." Its pronunciation involves a series of consonant clusters and vowel reductions typical of the language.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize the open syllable principle (attempting to create CV syllables), and considering sonority hierarchies, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: воз- (voz-) - From the preposition "воз-" meaning "up," "out," or "away." It indicates a direction or result.
• Root: дух- (dukh-) - Meaning "air," "spirit," or "breath." Originates from Proto-Slavic *duxъ.
• Interfix: -о- (-o-) - Connects the root to the following morpheme.
• Root: про- (pro-) - Prefix meaning "through," "completely," or "intensive."
• Root: ниц- (nits-) - From the root "низ" (niz) meaning "down," "low."
• Suffix: -аем- (-aem-) - A verbal suffix indicating a passive participle or adjective.
• Suffix: -о- (-o-) - Connects the root to the following morpheme.
• Suffix: -му (-mu) - A case ending (dative or instrumental singular feminine).

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: воз-ду-хо-не-про-ни-ца́-е-мо-ю.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/vɐzduxɐnʲɪprɐˈnʲit͡səɪmɐjʊ/

6. Edge Case Review:

Russian syllabification can be complex due to consonant clusters. The rule of maximizing open syllables is key here. Vowel reduction (akan'ye and ikan'ye) also plays a role in pronunciation, but doesn't affect the orthographic syllable division.

7. Grammatical Role:

The word is an adjective in the instrumental or dative singular feminine form. Syllabification remains consistent regardless of the case.

8. Definition & Semantics:

• Definition: Не пропускающий воздух; герметичный (ne propuskayushchiy vozdukh; germetichnyy).
• Translation: Airtight, impermeable to air, hermetic.
• Grammatical Category: Adjective (прилагательное).
• Synonyms: герметичный (germetichnyy), непроницаемый (nepronitsayemyy).
• Antonyms: проницаемый (pronitsayemyy), пористый (poristy).
• Examples:
  • "Упаковка должна быть воздухонепроницаемою." ("Upakovka dolzhna byt' vozdukhonepronitsayemoyu.") - "The packaging must be airtight."
  • "Воздухонепроницаемая тара." ("Vozdukhonepronitsayemaya tara.") - "Airtight container."

9. Phonological Comparison:

• воздухоплавательный (vozdukhoplavatel'nyy): во-зду-хо-пла-ва-тель-ный. Similar initial syllables, demonstrating the consistent application of the CV syllable structure.
• непроницаемый (nepronitsayemyy): не-про-ни-ца-е-мый. Shares the "про-ни-ца-" root, showing consistent syllabification of this segment.
• безопасность (bezopasnost'): бе-зо-пас-ность. Demonstrates a different initial consonant cluster, but still adheres to the open syllable principle.

10. Division Rules:

• Rule 1: Open Syllable Preference: Russian favors CV (consonant-vowel) syllables. Syllable division attempts to create these whenever possible.
• Rule 2: Sonority Hierarchy: When consonant clusters occur, syllables are divided based on the sonority of the consonants. More sonorous sounds (vowels, liquids, nasals) tend to form syllable nuclei.
• Rule 3: Consonant Cluster Resolution: Complex consonant clusters are broken down based on the principle of minimizing the number of consonants in a single syllable.

11. Special Considerations:

The word's length and complex morphology present a challenge. The interfix "-о-" is crucial for connecting morphemes and influences syllabification. Vowel reduction doesn't affect the orthographic syllable division.

12. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, some regional variations in vowel reduction might occur, but these do not alter the syllable division.