Hyphenation ofдвадцатикилометровый

Analysis of "двадцатикилометровый" (Russian)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "двадцатикилометровый" is an adjective meaning "twenty-kilometer". It's a complex word formed through compounding and affixation. Pronunciation involves careful attention to vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, a common feature of Russian.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize open syllables (ending in a vowel) whenever possible, and considering the sonority hierarchy, the division is as follows (detailed in the JSON output).

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• двадцать (dvat͡sät’) – Root: "twenty" (Indo-European origin, Proto-Slavic *dъvętь)
• километр (kilometr) – Root: "kilometer" (Greek origin: khilios "thousand" + metron "measure")
• овый (-ovyj) – Suffix: Adjectival suffix forming adjectives from nouns (Slavic origin). Indicates belonging or relation to something.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the third syllable: двад-ца-ти-ки-ло-ме́т-ро-вый.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/dvɐˈt͡sætʲɪkʲɪləˈmʲetrovɨj/

6. Edge Case Review:

Russian syllabification can be tricky with consonant clusters. The "тк" cluster is treated as a single onset for the following syllable. Vowel reduction is significant in unstressed syllables.

7. Grammatical Role:

The word is primarily an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function within a sentence.

8. Definition & Semantics:

• Definition: Twenty-kilometer (in length, distance, etc.).
• Grammatical Category: Adjective (качественное прилагательное - qualitative adjective)
• Translation: Twenty-kilometer
• Synonyms: Двадцатикилометральный (less common, more formal)
• Antonyms: Короткий (short), малокилометровый (few-kilometer)
• Examples:
  • "Двадцатикилометровый забег" (Dvadsat’kilometrovyj zabeg) – A twenty-kilometer run.
  • "Двадцатикилометровая зона" (Dvadsat’kilometrovaya zona) – A twenty-kilometer zone.

9. Phonological Comparison:

• десятиэтажный (desjatʲɪˈetaʐnɨj) – ten-story: Syllable division: де-ся-ти-э-таж-ный. Similar structure with compounding and suffixation.
• пятидесятикилометровый (pʲatʲɪˈdʲesʲɪtʲɪkʲɪləˈmʲetrovɨj) – fifty-kilometer: Syllable division: пя-ти-де-ся-ти-ки-ло-ме́т-ро-вый. Demonstrates the consistent application of rules to longer numerical compounds.
• автомобильный (avtɐˈmʲibilʲnɨj) – automotive: Syllable division: ав-то-мо-би́ль-ный. Shows how borrowed roots are integrated into Russian syllable structure.

10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, some regional variations might exhibit slight differences in vowel reduction or palatalization. However, these variations generally do not affect the core syllable division.

11. Division Rules:

• Sonority Principle: Syllables are formed around a sonority peak (vowel).
• Open Syllable Preference: Russian favors open syllables (CV).
• Consonant Cluster Resolution: Consonant clusters are often broken up, with one consonant joining the preceding syllable and the other the following.
• Morphological Boundaries: Morpheme boundaries often coincide with syllable boundaries, but not always.