Hyphenation ofнейрофизиологических

Linguistic Analysis of "нейрофизиологических" (Russian)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "нейрофизиологических" is a complex adjective meaning "neurophysiological". It's a relatively long word, typical of Russian morphology, built through extensive affixation. Pronunciation involves a mix of voiced and voiceless consonants, palatalization, and vowel reduction in unstressed syllables.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters): ней-ро-фи-зи-о-ло-ги-че-ских.

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• нейро- (neuro-): Prefix of Greek origin (νεῦρον - neuron), denoting "nerve" or "nervous system".
• -физиологи- (physiolog-): Root of Greek origin (φύσις - physis "nature" + λογος - logos "study of"), meaning "physiology".
• -ческих (-cheskikh): Suffix indicating adjectival form, genitive plural, masculine/neuter. Derived from the suffix -ический (-icheskiy) and the genitive plural ending -их (-ikh).

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the syllable "-ги-" (ги).

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/nʲeɪ̯rəfʲɪzʲɪləˈɡʲit͡ɕɪskʲɪx/

6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:

Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable:

• ней- (ney-): /nʲeɪ̯/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division generally occurs before a vowel. The palatalization of 'н' is due to the following 'е'.
• ро- (ro-): /rə/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel.
• фи- (fi-): /fʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel. Palatalization of 'ф' due to following 'и'.
• зи- (zi-): /zʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel. Palatalization of 'з' due to following 'и'.
• о- (o-): /ɔ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel.
• ло- (lo-): /lɔ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel.
• ги- (gi-): /ɡʲɪ/ - Closed syllable (stressed). Rule: Syllable division before a consonant if it cannot begin a syllable. Stress influences vowel quality. Palatalization of 'г' due to following 'и'.
• че- (che-): /t͡ɕe/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel.
• ских (skikh): /skʲɪx/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a consonant cluster. Palatalization of 'с' due to following 'и'.

7. Edge Case Review:

Russian allows for some flexibility in syllable division, particularly with consonant clusters. However, the division presented here is the most common and phonologically justifiable.

8. Grammatical Role:

The word is an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of whether it modifies a noun in the singular or plural.

9. Definition & Semantics:

• нейрофизиологических (neyrofiziologicheskikh)
  • Part of Speech: Adjective
  • Definitions:
    • Translation: Neurophysiological
    • Synonyms: нервно-физиологических (nervno-fiziologicheskikh)
    • Antonyms: (difficult to provide a direct antonym, as it's a specific scientific term)
    • Examples: "Нейрофизиологические исследования показали..." ("Neurophysiological studies have shown...")
• Grammatical Category: Adjective, Genitive Plural

10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, some regional variations might exhibit slight differences in vowel reduction or palatalization. However, these variations generally do not affect the core syllable division.

11. Phonological Comparison:

• биологических (biologicheskikh): /bʲɪləˈɡʲit͡ɕɪskʲɪx/ - Similar syllable structure, stress on the penultimate syllable.
• психологических (psikhologicheskikh): /psʲɪxələˈɡʲit͡ɕɪskʲɪx/ - Similar syllable structure, stress on the penultimate syllable.
• физических (fizicheskikh): /fʲɪˈzʲit͡ɕɪskʲɪx/ - Similar syllable structure, stress on the penultimate syllable.

The consistency in syllable structure across these words demonstrates the regular application of Russian syllabification rules. The primary difference lies in the stressed syllable, which is determined by the word's morphology and phonological weight.