Hyphenation ofпротивовоспалительному
Syllable Division:
про-ти-во-во-спа-ли-тель-но-му
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/prɐtʲɪvɐvɐspɐˈlʲitʲɪlʲnəmʊ/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
00000100
Primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable ('-тель-').
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, onset 'п', rime 'ро'
Open syllable, onset 'т', rime 'и', palatalization
Open syllable, onset 'в', rime 'о', vowel reduction possible
Open syllable, onset 'сп', rime 'а'
Open syllable, onset 'л', rime 'и', palatalization
Open syllable, onset 'т', rime 'ель', palatalization
Open syllable, onset 'н', rime 'о', vowel reduction possible
Closed syllable, onset 'м', rime 'у', final syllable, vowel reduction
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: противо-
Proto-Slavic *protivo*, meaning 'against, opposite'. Denotes opposition.
Root: воспал-
From verb 'воспалить', Proto-Slavic *vъ-polniti*, meaning 'to inflame'.
Suffix: -и- -тельном -у
-и- is a linking vowel. -тельном forms a relative adjective. -у is a genitive/dative singular ending.
Relating to the prevention or reduction of inflammation.
Translation: Anti-inflammatory (to/for)
Examples:
"противовоспалительному средству"
"противовоспалительному эффекту"
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Shares the root 'воспал-', demonstrating consistent root syllabification.
Shares the prefix 'противо-', demonstrating consistent prefix syllabification.
Shares the root and suffix '-тель', illustrating consistent syllabification patterns.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Sonority Sequencing Principle
Syllables are formed to maximize sonority within the syllable nucleus.
Onset-Rime Structure
Each syllable has an onset and a rime.
Consonant Cluster Resolution
Consonant clusters are resolved based on phonotactic constraints.
Vowel Reduction
Unstressed vowels are reduced in quality.
Palatalization
Consonants are palatalized before front vowels.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Consonant clusters ('сп', 'ст') require careful consideration.
Vowel reduction significantly impacts pronunciation.
Palatalization of consonants before front vowels.
Summary:
The word 'противовоспалительному' is a complex Russian adjective with eight syllables, divided based on sonority sequencing, onset-rime structure, and considering vowel reduction and palatalization. The stress falls on the penultimate syllable. It's formed from a prefix, root, and several suffixes, indicating its anti-inflammatory function.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "противовоспалительному" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "противовоспалительному" is a long, complex adjective in Russian, derived from a verb. It describes something related to preventing inflammation. Pronunciation involves several consonant clusters and vowel reductions typical of Russian.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: противо- (protivo-) - From Proto-Slavic protivo, meaning "against, opposite". Function: Denotes opposition or counteraction.
- Root: воспал- (vospal-) - From the verb воспалить (vospalit'), meaning "to inflame". Root origin is Proto-Slavic vъ-polniti meaning "to fill with fire/inflammation".
- Suffix: -и- (-i-) - Linking vowel, common in Russian derivations.
- Suffix: -тельном (-tel'nom) - Adjectival suffix indicating quality or relation. Derived from Proto-Slavic -telьnъ. Function: Forms a relative adjective.
- Suffix: -у (-u) - Genitive/Dative singular ending for masculine/neuter adjectives.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: про-ти-во-во-спа-ли-тель-но-му.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/prɐtʲɪvɐvɐspɐˈlʲitʲɪlʲnəmʊ/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:
| Syllable | IPA Transcription | Rule Application | Exceptions/Special Cases |
|---|---|---|---|
| про | /prɐ/ | Onset-Rime: 'п' is the onset, 'ро' is the rime. Syllable weight: Light. | |
| ти | /tʲɪ/ | Onset-Rime: 'т' is the onset, 'и' is the rime. Palatalization of 'т' due to following 'и'. | |
| во | /vɐ/ | Onset-Rime: 'в' is the onset, 'о' is the rime. Vowel reduction possible. | |
| спа | /spɐ/ | Onset-Rime: 'сп' is the onset (consonant cluster allowed), 'а' is the rime. | |
| ли | /lʲɪ/ | Onset-Rime: 'л' is the onset, 'и' is the rime. Palatalization of 'л' due to following 'и'. | |
| тель | /tʲɪlʲ/ | Onset-Rime: 'т' is the onset, 'ель' is the rime. Palatalization of 'т' due to following 'е'. | |
| но | /nɐ/ | Onset-Rime: 'н' is the onset, 'о' is the rime. Vowel reduction possible. | |
| му | /mʊ/ | Onset-Rime: 'м' is the onset, 'у' is the rime. Final syllable, vowel reduction common. |
Syllable Division Rules Applied:
- Sonority Sequencing Principle: Syllables are formed to maximize sonority within the syllable nucleus.
- Onset-Rime Structure: Each syllable has an onset (initial consonant(s)) and a rime (vowel and any following consonants).
- Consonant Cluster Resolution: Consonant clusters are resolved based on phonotactic constraints.
- Vowel Reduction: Unstressed vowels are reduced in quality.
- Palatalization: Consonants are palatalized before front vowels (е, и, ё, ю, я).
7. Edge Case Review:
The word contains several consonant clusters ('сп', 'ст') which are permissible in Russian but require careful consideration during syllabification. Vowel reduction is also a significant factor, impacting pronunciation and potentially syllable perception.
8. Grammatical Role:
The word is an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function within a sentence.
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: противовоспалительному
- Part of Speech: Adjective
- Definitions:
- Definition: Relating to the prevention or reduction of inflammation.
- Translation: Anti-inflammatory (to/for)
- Synonyms: лечебному (lechebnomu - curative), терапевтическому (terapevticheskomu - therapeutic)
- Antonyms: воспалительному (vospalitel'nomu - inflammatory)
- Examples: "противовоспалительному средству" (protivovospalitel'nomu sredstvu - to an anti-inflammatory agent); "противовоспалительному эффекту" (protivovospalitel'nomu efektu - to an anti-inflammatory effect).
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, some regional variations might exhibit slight differences in vowel reduction or consonant articulation. However, these variations generally do not affect the core syllabification.
11. Phonological Comparison:
| Word | Syllables | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| воспаление (vospaleniye) - inflammation | во-спа-ле-ни-е | Similar root structure (воспал-), demonstrating consistent syllabification of the root. |
| противодействие (protivodeystviye) - counteraction | про-ти-во-дей-ст-ви-е | Similar prefix (противо-), showing consistent syllabification of the prefix. |
| воспалительный (vospalitel'nyy) - inflammatory | во-спа-ли-тель-ный | Shares the root and suffix '-тель', illustrating consistent syllabification patterns. |
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