Hyphenation ofпротивопоставившийся
Syllable Division:
про-ти-во-по-ста-ви-вше-го-ся
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/prətʲɪvəpəstaˈvʲɪvʂɪj/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
000010000
The primary stress falls on the fifth syllable ('ста' - /sta/).
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial syllable.
Open syllable, contains a palatalized consonant.
Open syllable.
Open syllable.
Open syllable, contains the root.
Open syllable, contains a palatalized consonant.
Closed syllable, contains the past participle suffix.
Open syllable.
Open syllable, contains a palatalized consonant.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: про-
Old Slavic, indicates direction 'against', 'counter'.
Root: -став-
From the verb 'ставить' (to put, to place), ultimately from Proto-Slavic *stajati.
Suffix: -о-
Forms the past tense participle.
Having opposed, having set against, having contrasted.
Translation: Opposed, contrasted, set against.
Examples:
"Противопоставившийся аргумент был очень сильным."
"Он был человеком, противопоставившимся системе."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Shares the prefix 'противо-' and similar suffixation.
Contains the same root 'став-' and past participle suffixes.
Shares the prefix 'противо-' and similar vowel patterns.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Open Syllable Principle
Syllables tend to end in vowels whenever possible.
Sonority Hierarchy
Consonant clusters are broken based on the sonority of the consonants.
Vowel-Consonant Rule
A vowel typically initiates a new syllable.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
The word's length and complex morphology require careful application of syllabification rules.
Palatalization of consonants influences syllable structure.
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a common feature of Russian pronunciation but doesn't affect the orthographic syllable division.
Summary:
The word 'противопоставившийся' is a past active participle with nine syllables, divided according to the open syllable principle and sonority hierarchy. The stress falls on the fifth syllable. It's formed through extensive prefixation and suffixation, typical of Russian morphology.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "противопоставившийся" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "противопоставившийся" is a past active participle of the verb "противопоставить" (to oppose, to set against). It's a relatively long word, typical of Russian morphology, built through extensive prefixation and suffixation. Pronunciation involves a complex interplay of vowel reduction and consonant assimilation.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize the open syllable principle (preferring syllables ending in vowels), and considering the sonority hierarchy, the word is divided as follows (see JSON output for the orthographic representation).
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: про- (pro-) - Old Slavic, indicates direction 'against', 'counter'.
- Root: -став- (-stav-) - from the verb "ставить" (to put, to place), ultimately from Proto-Slavic *stajati.
- Interfix: -и- (-i-) - connects the root to the suffix, common in Russian verb formation.
- Suffix: -о- (-o-) - forms the past tense participle.
- Suffix: -вш- (-vsh-) - past participle marker.
- Suffix: -ий- (-ij-) - adjectival suffix, forming the passive participle.
- Suffix: -ш- (-sh-) - part of the past participle formation.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: про-ти-во-по-ста́-ви-вше-го-ся.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/prətʲɪvəpəstaˈvʲɪvʂɪj/
6. Edge Case Review:
Russian syllabification can be tricky with consonant clusters. The rule generally favors breaking clusters after a vowel, but the sonority of the consonants also plays a role. In this word, the clusters are handled according to the sonority hierarchy and the open syllable principle.
7. Grammatical Role:
The word is a past active participle, functioning as an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function within a sentence.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: Having opposed, having set against, having contrasted.
- Translation: Opposed, contrasted, set against.
- Grammatical Category: Adjective (past active participle)
- Synonyms: противоположенный (proti-vo-po-lo-zhen-nyy) - opposite, contrasting.
- Antonyms: согласующийся (so-gla-su-yu-shchi-ysya) - agreeing, consistent.
- Examples:
- "Противопоставившийся аргумент был очень сильным." (The opposing argument was very strong.)
- "Он был человеком, противопоставившимся системе." (He was a man who opposed the system.)
9. Phonological Comparison:
- противоположный (pro-ti-vo-po-lozh-nyy): Opposite. Syllabification is similar, demonstrating the consistent application of the open syllable principle.
- поставивший (po-sta-viv-shiy): Having put. Similar structure, with the root "став-" and past participle suffixes.
- противостоять (pro-ti-vo-sto-yat'): To oppose. Shows how the prefix "противо-" consistently forms the first few syllables.
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, some regional variations might exhibit slight vowel reduction differences, but these do not significantly alter the syllabification.
11. Division Rules:
- Open Syllable Principle: Syllables tend to end in vowels.
- Sonority Hierarchy: Consonant clusters are broken based on the sonority of the consonants.
- Vowel-Consonant Rule: A vowel typically initiates a new syllable.
- Consonant Cluster Rule: When a consonant cluster occurs between vowels, it is usually split to create open syllables.
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- фотоприёмника
- фотосопротивлений
- фотосопротивлением
- фотоприёмникам
- предводительствовала
- предводительствовали
- предводительством
- скаредничавшей
- скаредничавшему
- силицидами
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- скаредничавшее
- фотоприёмнике
- предводительству
What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.