Hyphenation ofпротивопоставившимися

Linguistic Analysis of "противопоставившимися" (Russian)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "противопоставившимися" is a complex verbal adjective (past active participle) meaning "having opposed," "having contrasted," or "being opposed." It's formed from the verb "противопоставить" (to oppose). Pronunciation involves a series of consonant clusters and vowel reductions typical of Russian.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize open syllables and avoid breaking consonant clusters where possible, the word divides as follows (see JSON output for the orthographic representation).

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: про- (pro-) - Old Slavic, indicates direction "against," "opposite to."
• Root: -став- (-stav-) - Indo-European root *stā- meaning "to stand, to set," related to concepts of positioning and establishing.
• Suffix: -ивш- (-ivsh-) - Suffix forming a past active participle.
• Suffix: -им- (-im-) - Suffix indicating passive or reflexive voice, and also contributing to the adjectival form.
• Suffix: -и- (-i-) - Connective vowel.
• Suffix: -ся (-sya) - Reflexive/Passive particle, indicating a completed action directed back to the subject.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: про-ти-во-по-ста́-вив-ши-ми-ся.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/prətʲɪvəpəstaˈvʲɪvʂɨmʲɪsʲæ/

6. Edge Case Review:

Russian syllabification can be tricky with long words and consonant clusters. The rule of maximizing open syllables is key here. The 'вш' cluster is often treated as a single unit in pronunciation, but for syllabification, it's split due to the vowel following it.

7. Grammatical Role:

The word functions as a past active participle, acting as an adjective. Syllabification remains consistent regardless of its grammatical function within a sentence.

8. Definition & Semantics:

• Definition: Having opposed, having contrasted, being opposed.
• Part of Speech: Adjective (past active participle)
• Translation: Having opposed / Being opposed
• Synonyms: противоположенный (proti-vo-po-lo-zhen-nyy - opposite), враждебный (vrazh-deb-nyy - hostile)
• Antonyms: согласный (so-glas-nyy - agreeing), поддерживающий (pod-der-zhi-va-yu-shchiy - supporting)
• Examples:
  • "Они были противоположными взглядами." (Oni byli protivopolozhnyi vzglyadami.) - "They had opposing views."
  • "Противопоставившимися силами." (Protivopostavivshimisya silami.) - "By the opposing forces."

9. Phonological Comparison:

• противоположный (protivopolozhnyy): про-ти-во-по-ло́ж-ный. Similar structure, stress on the penultimate syllable.
• поставивший (postavivshiy): по-ста́-вив-ший. Shorter, but shares the '-ивш-' suffix and similar stress pattern.
• противостоять (protivostoyat'): про-ти-во-сто-я́ть. Shares the 'противо-' prefix and similar vowel qualities.

10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

Vowel reduction (акáнье) is common in unstressed syllables, leading to variations in vowel pronunciation. However, this doesn't affect the syllabification.

11. Division Rules:

• Rule 1: Open Syllable Preference: Russian favors open syllables (ending in a vowel).
• Rule 2: Consonant Cluster Handling: Consonant clusters are generally maintained within a syllable unless breaking them creates a more natural syllable structure.
• Rule 3: Vowel-Consonant-Vowel: Syllables are typically formed around vowel nuclei (V-C-V).