Hyphenation ofпротивопоставившеюся
Syllable Division:
про-ти-во-по-ста-вив-ше-ю-ся
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/prətʲɪvəpəˈstavʲɪfʂɨjʉsʲæ/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
000010000
The primary stress falls on the fifth syllable, 'ста' (sta), as indicated by '1'. All other syllables are unstressed ('0').
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial syllable.
Open syllable, contains a palatalized consonant.
Open syllable.
Open syllable.
Stressed, closed syllable, contains a palatalized consonant.
Closed syllable, contains a palatalized consonant.
Open syllable.
Open syllable, contains a glide.
Open syllable, contains a palatalized consonant.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: про-
Old Slavic, indicates direction 'against', 'counter'.
Root: -тиво-став-
Slavic, related to concepts of 'against', 'opposition', 'to put', 'to place', 'to set'.
Suffix: -ив-ш-ею-ся
Slavic, forms a past active participle, indicates gender (feminine) and case (instrumental), reflexive particle.
Having opposed, having been set against.
Translation: Having opposed, having been set against.
Examples:
"Книга, противопоставившеюся общепринятым взглядам, вызвала бурные дискуссии."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Shares the prefix 'противо-' and root '-став-', similar syllable structure.
Shares the prefix 'противо-', similar stress pattern.
Shares the root '-став-' and suffix '-вш-', similar syllable structure.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Open Syllable Principle
The syllabification attempts to create syllables of the form CV (consonant-vowel) whenever possible.
Sonority Hierarchy
Consonants are grouped based on their sonority, with more sonorous consonants tending to form syllable peaks.
Consonant Cluster Resolution
Complex consonant clusters are broken down based on the sonority hierarchy and the possibility of creating valid syllables.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
The word contains several consonant clusters, requiring careful application of the sonority hierarchy and open syllable principle.
Vowel reduction is common in unstressed syllables in Russian, which affects pronunciation but not syllabification.
Summary:
The word 'противопоставившеюся' is a complex past active participle syllabified according to the open syllable principle and sonority hierarchy. Stress falls on the root syllable 'ста'. The morphemic structure reveals Slavic origins with a prefix, root, and multiple suffixes indicating grammatical function.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "противопоставившеюся" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "противопоставившеюся" is a complex verbal adjective (past active participle) derived from the verb "противопоставить" (to oppose). Its pronunciation involves a series of consonant clusters and vowel reductions typical of Russian.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize the open syllable principle (attempting to create CV syllables), and considering sonority hierarchies, the word is divided as follows (see "syllable_division" in the JSON output).
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: про- (pro-) - Old Slavic, indicates direction "against", "counter".
- Root: -тиво- (-tivo-) - Slavic, related to concepts of "against", "opposition".
- Root: -став- (-stav-) - Slavic, related to "to put", "to place", "to set".
- Suffix: -ив- (-iv-) - Slavic, forms a past active participle.
- Suffix: -ш- (-sh-) - Slavic, part of the past active participle formation.
- Suffix: -ею- (-eyu-) - Slavic, indicates gender (feminine) and case (instrumental).
- Suffix: -ся (-sya) - reflexive particle, indicating a completed action affecting the subject.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the root syllable: про-ти-во-по-ста́-вив-ше-ю-ся.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/prətʲɪvəpəˈstavʲɪfʂɨjʉsʲæ/
6. Edge Case Review:
Russian syllabification can be complex due to consonant clusters. The rule of maximizing open syllables is applied, but exceptions exist, particularly with loanwords. This word, being purely Slavic in origin, adheres closely to standard rules.
7. Grammatical Role:
The word is a past active participle, functioning as an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function within a sentence.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: Having opposed, having been set against.
- Translation: Having opposed, having been set against.
- Grammatical Category: Adjective (past active participle)
- Synonyms: противостоявшую (protivostoyavshuyu - having resisted), воспротивившуюся (vosprotivivshuyusya - having objected).
- Antonyms: подчинившуюся (podchinivshuyusya - having submitted), согласившись (soglasivshis' - having agreed).
- Examples: "Книга, противопоставившеюся общепринятым взглядам, вызвала бурные дискуссии." (The book, having opposed generally accepted views, caused heated discussions.)
9. Phonological Comparison:
- противостояние (protivostoyaniye): pro-ti-vo-sto-ya-ni-ye. Similar syllable structure, stress on the root.
- противоположный (protivopolozhnyy): pro-ti-vo-po-loz-hnyy. Similar prefix and root, stress pattern consistent.
- поставивший (postavivshiy): po-sta-viv-shiy. Shares the "-став-" root and "-ш-" suffix, stress on the root.
The differences in syllable division arise from the varying suffixes and endings, but the core principle of maximizing open syllables remains consistent.
Division Rules:
- Open Syllable Principle: Attempts to create syllables of the form CV (consonant-vowel).
- Sonority Hierarchy: Consonants are grouped based on their sonority, with more sonorous consonants tending to form syllable peaks.
- Consonant Cluster Resolution: Complex consonant clusters are broken down based on the sonority hierarchy and the possibility of creating valid syllables.
- Vowel Grouping: Vowel clusters are often separated into distinct syllables.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.