Hyphenation ofсегнетоэлектрических
Syllable Division:
се-гне-то-э-ле-кт-ри-че-ских
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/sʲɪɡnʲɪˈtoɛlʲɪktrʲɪt͡ɕɪskʲɪx/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
000100001
Primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable ('электр').
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, consonant onset.
Consonant cluster onset, palatalized consonant.
Open syllable, consonant onset.
Single vowel syllable.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant onset.
Consonant cluster onset, palatalized consonant.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant onset.
Affricate onset, open syllable.
Consonant cluster onset, palatalized consonant, closed syllable.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: сегнето-
From French 'sègnétique', ultimately from Latin 'segnetus', denoting a specific type of ferroelectricity.
Root: электр-
From Greek 'ἤλεκτρον' (elektron), meaning amber, referring to electricity.
Suffix: -ических
Genitive plural adjectival suffix indicating 'of/relating to'.
Relating to materials exhibiting a specific type of ferroelectricity.
Translation: Segnetoelectric
Examples:
"сегнетоэлектрические материалы (segnetoelektricheskiye materialy) - segnetoelectric materials"
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Shares the 'elektricheskikh' root and suffix, demonstrating consistent syllabification.
Contains the 'elektricheskikh' component and illustrates the addition of a prefix.
Demonstrates the integration of another root ('tekh') and consistent syllabification rules.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Onset-Rime
Syllables are divided based on the onset (initial consonant(s)) and rime (vowel and following consonants).
Consonant Clusters
Permissible consonant clusters are maintained within the syllable.
Palatalization
Consonants are palatalized before front vowels (е, и, ю, я), influencing syllable structure.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables.
Complex consonant clusters common in loanwords.
Palatalization of consonants is context-dependent.
Summary:
The word 'сегнетоэлектрических' is a complex Russian adjective syllabified based on onset-rime principles, considering consonant clusters and palatalization. Stress falls on the penultimate syllable. It's morphologically composed of a prefix, root, and suffix, and refers to materials exhibiting a specific type of ferroelectricity.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "сегнетоэлектрических" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "сегнетоэлектрических" is a complex adjective in Russian, derived from the term "segnetoelectric" (relating to materials exhibiting a specific type of ferroelectricity). Its pronunciation involves a series of consonant clusters and vowel reductions typical of Russian.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: сегнето- (segneto-) - From French "sègnétique" (itself from Latin "segnetus" - inclined, yielding), denoting a specific type of ferroelectricity.
- Root: электр- (elektr-) - From Greek "ἤλεκτρον" (elektron - amber), referring to electricity.
- Suffix: -ических (-icheskikh) - A genitive plural adjectival suffix, indicating "of/relating to" and grammatical gender/number. This suffix is highly inflectional and common in Russian adjectives.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: сегнетоэлектри́ческих.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/sʲɪɡnʲɪˈtoɛlʲɪktrʲɪt͡ɕɪskʲɪx/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:
| Syllable | IPA Transcription | Rule Application | Description | Potential Exceptions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| се | /sʲe/ | Onset-Rime (C-V) | Open syllable. The 'с' is palatalized due to the following 'е'. | None |
| гне | /ɡnʲe/ | Onset-Rime (C-C-V) | Consonant cluster 'гн' is permissible as an onset. 'е' is palatalized. | Palatalization of 'г' is context-dependent. |
| то | /to/ | Onset-Rime (C-V) | Open syllable. | None |
| э | /ɛ/ | V | Single vowel syllable. | Vowel reduction is possible in unstressed positions. |
| ле | /lʲe/ | Onset-Rime (C-V) | Open syllable. 'л' is palatalized due to the following 'е'. | None |
| кт | /ktrʲ/ | Onset-Rime (C-C-V) | Consonant cluster 'кт' is permissible. 'т' is palatalized due to the following 'р'. | Palatalization of 'т' is context-dependent. |
| ри | /rʲɪ/ | Onset-Rime (C-V) | Open syllable. 'р' is palatalized due to the following 'и'. | None |
| че | /t͡ɕe/ | Onset-Rime (C-V) | Affricate 'ч' forms the onset. | None |
| ских | /skʲɪx/ | Onset-Rime (C-C-V) | Consonant cluster 'ск' is permissible. 'к' is palatalized due to the following 'и'. | None |
7. Edge Case Review:
Russian allows for complex consonant clusters, particularly in loanwords like this one. The palatalization of consonants before front vowels (е, и, ю, я) is a crucial rule. Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is also a significant factor in pronunciation.
8. Grammatical Role:
The word is an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function within a sentence (e.g., modifying a noun).
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: сегнетоэлектрических (segnetoelektricheskikh)
- Translation: Segnetoelectric (relating to materials exhibiting a specific type of ferroelectricity)
- Part of Speech: Adjective
- Synonyms: None readily available without specifying the context of ferroelectricity.
- Antonyms: None directly applicable.
- Examples: "сегнетоэлектрические материалы" (segnetoelektricheskiye materialy) - segnetoelectric materials.
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, slight variations in vowel reduction might occur depending on the speaker's dialect. However, the syllable division remains consistent.
11. Phonological Comparison:
- электрических (elektricheskikh): /ɪlʲɪktrʲɪˈt͡ɕɪskʲɪx/ - Syllables: э-лек-три-че-ских. Similar structure, demonstrating the 'ktr' cluster and the 'icheskikh' suffix.
- магнитоэлектрических (magnitoelektricheskikh): /mɐɡnʲɪtɐɛlʲɪktrʲɪˈt͡ɕɪskʲɪx/ - Syllables: маг-ни-то-э-лек-три-че-ских. Shows the addition of a prefix and the consistent syllabification of the core 'elektricheskikh' component.
- электротехнических (elektrotekhnicheskikh): /ɪlʲɪktraˈtʲexnʲɪt͡ɕɪskʲɪx/ - Syllables: э-лек-тро-тех-ни-че-ских. Demonstrates the integration of another root ('tekh') and the consistent application of syllabification rules.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.