Hyphenation ofэлектроэнцефалограмма
Syllable Division:
э-лек-тро-эн-це-фа-ло-гра́м-ма
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/ɪlʲɪktrɐˈɛnt͡sʲɪfɐlɐˈɡramːə/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
000100010
Primary stress falls on the third syllable ('эн') and the eighth syllable ('гра́м').
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, unstressed.
Closed syllable, unstressed, palatalization of /l/.
Open syllable, unstressed.
Closed syllable, primary stress.
Closed syllable, unstressed, palatalization of /t/.
Open syllable, unstressed.
Open syllable, unstressed.
Closed syllable, primary stress.
Open syllable, unstressed.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: электро-
From Greek 'elektron' (amber), denoting electricity.
Root: энцефало-
From Greek 'enkephalos' (brain).
Suffix: -грамма
From Greek 'gramma' (written record).
A recording of the electrical activity of the brain.
Translation: Electroencephalogram
Examples:
"Врач назначил сделать электроэнцефалограмму."
"Результаты электроэнцефалограммы показали отклонения."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar consonant clusters and syllable structure.
Similar consonant clusters and syllable structure.
Demonstrates open syllable preference and stress placement.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Open Syllable Preference
Russian favors syllables ending in vowels.
Consonant Cluster Breakage
Consonant clusters are broken after the first consonant, especially if it's a sonorant.
Palatalization
Consonants can become palatalized before vowels like 'e'.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Long consonant clusters require careful application of the cluster breakage rule.
Stress placement influences vowel quality.
Summary:
The word 'электроэнцефалограмма' is syllabified based on the open syllable principle and consonant cluster breakage rules. Stress falls on the third and eighth syllables. It's a complex noun of Greek origin, referring to a brain activity recording.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "электроэнцефалограмма" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "электроэнцефалограмма" (elektroentsefalogramma) is a complex noun denoting an electroencephalogram. Its pronunciation involves a series of consonant clusters and vowel reductions typical of Russian.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize the open syllable principle (preferring syllables ending in vowels), and considering sonority hierarchies, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: электро- (elektro-) - From Greek "elektron" meaning amber, referring to electricity. Function: Denotes the use of electricity.
- Root: энцефало- (entsephalo-) - From Greek "enkephalos" meaning brain. Function: Core meaning relating to the brain.
- Suffix: -грамма (-gramma) - From Greek "gramma" meaning a written record. Function: Indicates a recording or tracing.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the third syllable: э-лек-тро-эн-це-фа-ло-гра́м-ма.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/ɪlʲɪktrɐˈɛnt͡sʲɪfɐlɐˈɡramːə/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:
- э (e) - /ɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Russian prefers open syllables. No exceptions.
- лек (lek) - /lʲɪk/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant clusters are broken after the first consonant if it's a sonorant (like /l/). Exception: Palatalization of /l/ due to following /e/.
- тро (tro) - /trɐ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Consonant clusters are broken after the first consonant. No exceptions.
- эн (en) - /ɛn/ - Closed syllable, stressed. Rule: Stress influences vowel quality. No exceptions.
- це (tse) - /t͡sʲɪ/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant clusters are broken after the first consonant. Palatalization of /t/ due to following /e/.
- фа (fa) - /fɐ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Russian prefers open syllables. No exceptions.
- ло (lo) - /lɐ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Russian prefers open syllables. No exceptions.
- гра́м (gram) - /ˈɡram/ - Closed syllable, stressed. Rule: Stress falls on the third syllable. No exceptions.
- ма (ma) - /mə/ - Open syllable. Rule: Russian prefers open syllables. No exceptions.
7. Edge Case Review:
The word presents a challenge due to the long consonant clusters. However, Russian consistently breaks these clusters after the first consonant, prioritizing open syllables.
8. Grammatical Role:
The word is exclusively a noun. Syllabification and stress remain constant regardless of grammatical context (as it doesn't inflect).
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: электроэнцефалограмма (elektroentsefalogramma)
- Translation: Electroencephalogram
- Part of Speech: Noun (feminine)
- Synonyms: ЭЭГ (EEG - abbreviation)
- Antonyms: None directly applicable.
- Examples:
- "Врач назначил сделать электроэнцефалограмму." (The doctor ordered an electroencephalogram.)
- "Результаты электроэнцефалограммы показали отклонения." (The results of the electroencephalogram showed deviations.)
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, some regional variations might exhibit slight vowel reductions or palatalization differences. However, these variations do not significantly alter the syllable division.
11. Phonological Comparison:
- телевизор (televizor): те-ле-ви́-зор - Similar consonant clusters, broken in the same manner.
- компьютер (komp'yuter): ком-п'ю́-тер - Similar consonant clusters, broken in the same manner.
- фотография (fotografiya): фо-то-гра́-фи-я - Demonstrates the open syllable preference and stress placement.
The syllable division in all these words consistently follows the open syllable principle and breaks consonant clusters after the first consonant. The stress placement is determined by morphological structure and phonological weight.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.