Hyphenation ofэлектроэнцефалограммах
Syllable Division:
э-лек-тро-эн-це-фа-ло-грам-мах
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/ɪlʲɪktrɐˈɛnt͡sʲɪfɐlɐˈɡramːəx/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
000000101
Primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable 'грам'.
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial vowel.
Closed syllable, palatalized consonant onset.
Open syllable, consonant cluster onset.
Closed syllable, vowel-consonant structure.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant onset.
Open syllable, consonant onset.
Open syllable, consonant onset.
Closed syllable, stressed syllable, consonant cluster onset.
Closed syllable, consonant cluster onset.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: элек-тро-
From Greek 'elektron' meaning electricity.
Root: энцефало-
From Greek 'enkephalos' meaning brain.
Suffix: грам-ах
From Greek 'gramma' meaning record, and Russian case ending.
A recording of electrical activity of the brain.
Translation: Electroencephalogram
Examples:
"Врач назначил сделать электроэнцефалограмму. (The doctor ordered an electroencephalogram.)"
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Sonority Sequencing Principle
Syllables are formed around a peak of sonority (vowel).
Onset-Rime Structure
Each syllable has an onset and a rime.
Consonant Cluster Resolution
Consonant clusters are treated as single units within a syllable.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
The word's length and complexity.
Multiple consonant clusters require careful application of phonological rules.
Summary:
The word 'электроэнцефалограммах' is a complex Russian noun divided into nine syllables. It features a prefix, root, and suffixes of Greek origin. The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable. Syllabification follows the sonority sequencing principle and rules for consonant cluster resolution.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "электроэнцефалограммах" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "электроэнцефалограммах" is a complex noun denoting electroencephalograms (plural, genitive/dative/prepositional case). It's a highly technical term, and its pronunciation follows standard Russian phonological rules, with vowel reduction in unstressed syllables being a key feature.
2. Syllable Division:
э-лек-тро-эн-це-фа-ло-грам-мах
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: элек-тро- (from Greek elektron meaning "amber," referring to electricity) - denotes electrical activity.
- Root: -энцефало- (from Greek enkephalos meaning "brain") - refers to the brain.
- Suffix: -грам- (from Greek gramma meaning "something written, record") - indicates a recording.
- Suffix: -ах (Russian case ending, genitive/dative/prepositional plural) - indicates grammatical function.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: э-лек-тро-эн-це-фа-ло-грам-мах.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/ɪlʲɪktrɐˈɛnt͡sʲɪfɐlɐˈɡramːəx/
6. Syllable List with IPA and Rule Explanations:
- э /ɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Russian syllables generally begin with a consonant or a vowel.
- лек /lʲɪk/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant cluster /lʲɪk/ forms a syllable unit.
- тро /trɐ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Consonant cluster /tr/ is permissible at the beginning of a syllable.
- эн /ɛn/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Vowel followed by a consonant.
- це /t͡sʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Palatalized consonant followed by a vowel.
- фа /fɐ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Consonant followed by a vowel.
- ло /lɐ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Consonant followed by a vowel.
- грам /ɡram/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant cluster /ɡram/ forms a syllable unit. This syllable is stressed.
- мах /mɐx/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant cluster /mx/ forms a syllable unit.
7. Syllable Division Rules Applied:
- Sonority Sequencing Principle: Syllables are formed around a peak of sonority (vowel).
- Onset-Rime Structure: Each syllable has an onset (initial consonant(s)) and a rime (vowel and following consonants).
- Consonant Cluster Resolution: Consonant clusters are often treated as single units within a syllable, especially when they are common in Russian.
- Vowel Reduction: Unstressed vowels are reduced in pronunciation, but this doesn't affect syllable division.
8. Exceptions & Special Cases:
- The word is exceptionally long and complex, making it prone to mis-syllabification by non-native speakers.
- The presence of multiple consonant clusters requires careful application of the sonority sequencing principle.
9. Grammatical Role & Syllabification Shifts:
The word primarily functions as a noun. While it doesn't undergo significant syllabification shifts based on grammatical role, the stress remains fixed on the penultimate syllable regardless of case.
10. Alternative Pronunciations & Regional Variations:
Regional variations in vowel reduction might exist, but they won't fundamentally alter the syllable division.
11. Phonological Comparison:
- вода (voda - water): во-да /vɐˈda/ - Similar open syllable structure.
- книга (kniga - book): кни-га /ˈknʲiɡə/ - Similar closed syllable structure.
- солнце (solntse - sun): солн-це /ˈsont͡sə/ - Similar consonant cluster resolution.
The key difference lies in the length and complexity of "электроэнцефалограммах," which features multiple consonant clusters and a longer vowel sequence.
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Hyphenation is the process of dividing words across lines in print or on websites. It involves inserting hyphens (-) where a word breaks to continue on the next line.
Proper hyphenation improves readability by reducing the unevenness of word spacing and unnecessary large gaps. It also helps avoid confusion that may occur when part of a word carries over. Ideal hyphenation should break words according to pronunciation and syllables. Most word processors and publishing apps have automated tools to handle hyphenation effectively based on language rules and dictionaries. Though subtle, proper hyphenation improves overall typography and reading comfort.