Hyphenation ofcomputerprogrammaatje
Syllable Division:
com-pu-ter-pro-gra-ma-at-je
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/kɔm.py.tər.pro.ɣraːm.maːt.jə/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
00001001
Primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable 'maat' (1). All other syllables are unstressed (0).
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, onset 'k', rime 'ɔm'.
Open syllable, onset 'p', rime 'u'.
Closed syllable, onset 't', rime 'ər'.
Open syllable, onset 'pr', rime 'o'.
Open syllable, onset 'ɣr', rime 'aː'.
Open syllable, onset 'm', rime 'aː'. Primary stressed syllable.
Closed syllable, onset 't', rime 'at'.
Open syllable, onset 'j', rime 'ə'.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: computer
English origin, denotes type of program
Root: programma
Latin origin, core concept of a program
Suffix: aatje
Dutch diminutive suffix, indicates smallness
A small or simple computer program.
Translation: Little computer program
Examples:
"Hij schreef een eenvoudig computerprogrammaatje."
"Dit computerprogrammaatje kan je helpen met je huiswerk."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Shares the 'computer-' prefix and similar syllable structure.
Shares the 'programma-' root and demonstrates similar vowel patterns.
Illustrates handling of consonant clusters and syllable division in Dutch.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Onset-Rime Principle
Syllables are formed around a vowel nucleus, with preceding consonants forming the onset and following consonants forming the rime.
Sonority Sequencing Principle
Consonant clusters are broken down based on sonority, with more sonorous sounds tending to be syllable peaks.
Avoidance of Isolated Consonants
Dutch generally avoids leaving single consonants as syllable onsets or codas unless they are part of a larger cluster.
Penultimate Stress Rule
Stress falls on the second-to-last syllable.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Regional variations in the pronunciation of the 'r' sound (uvular vs. alveolar).
The diminutive suffix '-aatje' can sometimes lead to slight variations in pronunciation depending on the preceding vowel.
Summary:
The word 'computerprogrammaatje' is a Dutch noun formed through compounding and suffixation. It is divided into eight syllables based on the onset-rime principle and Dutch syllabification rules, with primary stress on the penultimate syllable 'maat'. The word's morphemic structure reveals its origins and meaning, and its syllable division is consistent with similar Dutch words.
Detailed Analysis:
Dutch Word Analysis: computerprogrammaatje
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "computerprogrammaatje" is a compound noun in Dutch, meaning "little computer program." It's a relatively long word, typical of Dutch, formed through agglutination. Pronunciation involves a mix of vowel qualities and consonant clusters.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Dutch syllabification rules, which generally favor open syllables (syllables ending in a vowel) whenever possible, and respecting consonant clusters, the division is as follows (see JSON output for the orthographic representation).
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: computer- (English origin, via international scientific vocabulary) - denotes the type of program.
- Root: programma- (Latin programma, via English/German) - the core concept of a program.
- Suffix: -aatje (Dutch diminutive suffix) - indicates smallness or endearment. This suffix is composed of -a- (connecting vowel) and -tje (diminutive).
4. Stress Identification:
Dutch stress is generally on the penultimate (second-to-last) syllable. In this case, the primary stress falls on "maat".
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/kɔm.py.tər.pro.ɣraːm.maːt.jə/
6. Edge Case Review:
Dutch allows for some flexibility in syllabification, particularly with consonant clusters. However, the division presented here is the most common and phonologically justifiable. The 'r' sound can be pronounced as an alveolar approximant [ɹ] or a uvular approximant [ʁ] depending on the region.
7. Grammatical Role:
The word functions solely as a noun. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical context within a sentence.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: A small or simple computer program.
- Translation: Little computer program
- Grammatical Category: Noun (de)
- Synonyms: klein programma (small program), simpel programma (simple program)
- Antonyms: groot programma (large program), complex programma (complex program)
- Examples:
- "Hij schreef een eenvoudig computerprogrammaatje." (He wrote a simple little computer program.)
- "Dit computerprogrammaatje kan je helpen met je huiswerk." (This little computer program can help you with your homework.)
9. Phonological Comparison:
- 'computerwinkel' (computer store): kom-pyu-tər-win-kel. Similar structure with 'computer-' prefix. Stress on 'win'.
- 'programmakeuze' (program choice): pro-ɣraːm-ma-kəu-zə. Similar root 'programma-'. Stress on 'kəu'.
- 'telefoonnummer' (telephone number): te-lə-foon-nəm-mər. Demonstrates consonant cluster handling. Stress on 'foon'.
The differences in stress placement are due to the overall length and structure of each word, adhering to the penultimate stress rule.
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
The pronunciation of the 'r' sound varies regionally. In the Randstad area (western Netherlands), a uvular 'r' [ʁ] is common, while in other regions, an alveolar 'r' [r] or approximant [ɹ] is used. This doesn't significantly affect syllable division.
11. Division Rules Applied:
- Onset-Rime Principle: Syllables are formed around a vowel nucleus, with preceding consonants forming the onset and following consonants forming the rime.
- Sonority Sequencing Principle: Consonant clusters are broken down based on sonority (loudness), with more sonorous sounds tending to be syllable peaks.
- Avoidance of Isolated Consonants: Dutch generally avoids leaving single consonants as syllable onsets or codas unless they are part of a larger cluster.
- Penultimate Stress Rule: Stress falls on the second-to-last syllable.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.